Background Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) have shown a significant incidence and prevalence and have been increasingly associated with people’s lifestyles and youths. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of NCCLs in footballers and to address potential risk indicators. Methods Fourty-three male semi-professional footballers with an average of 27 years old completed a questionnaire and were subjected to intraoral examination in terms of cervical tooth wear, morphological characteristics of NCCLs, tooth sensitivity, occlusal/incisal wear, and malocclusion classification. Also, laboratory assays were performed to determine salivary parameters: flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, level of Ca (calcium), Na (sodium), and K (potassium) ions, and level of cortisol. The data obtained from the questionnaire and intraoral examinations were subjected to Chi-square and Poisson regression models while the data obtained from the laboratory assays were analyzed by using analysis of variance ( p <  0.05). Results The prevalence of NCCLs was 39.5%. The participants presented predominantly initial lesions with signs of mechanical stress. The daily training time was found as a significant risk indicator ( p = 0.028). The multivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the variables daily training time ( p = 0.023), lemon water intake while fasting ( p = 0.002), toothpaste type ( p = 0.004), tooth sensitivity ( p = 0.006); previous orthodontic treatment ( p = 0.003), and occlusion type ( p = 0.008). All participants presented normal salivary parameters and levels of cortisol. Conclusion The prevalence of NCCLs among footballers was remarkable. The premolars were the most affected teeth and presented symptoms/signs of initial lesions. The daily training time was a dominant risk indicator of NCCLs development. Footballers presented adequate salivary parameters and cortisol levels.

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality in humans and young animals. Domestic and mainly wild animals such as bats, small rodents and birds are highly diversified animals in relation to their habitats and ecological niches and are widely distributed geographically in environments of forest fragmentation in some areas of the Amazon, being considered important sources for viruses that affect humans and other animals. Due to the anthropical activities, these animals changed their natural habitat and adapted to urbanized environments, thus representing risks to human and animal health. Although the knowledge of the global diversity of enteric viruses is scarce, there are reports demonstrating the detection of rotavirus in domestic animals and animals of productive systems, such as bovines and pigs. The present study investigated the prevalence of Rotavirus A in 648 fecal samples of different animal species from the northeastern mesoregion of the state of Pará, Brazil, which is characterized as an urbanized area with forest fragments. The fecal specimens were collected from October 2014 to April 2016 and subjected to a Qualitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), using the NSP3 gene as a target. It was observed that 27.5% (178/648) of the samples presented positive results for RVA, with 178 samples distributed in birds (23.6%), canines (21.35%), chiropterans (17.98%), bovines (14.6%), horses (8.43%), small rodents (6.74%), pigs (3.93%) and felines (3.37%), demonstrating the circulation of RVA in domestic animals and suggesting that such proximity could cause transmissions between different species and the occurrence of rearrangements in the genome of RVA as already described in the literature, associated to the traces of environmental degradation in the studied areas.

The present study aimed to provide a molecular characterization of circulating rotavirus (RVA) strains in Rio Branco, Acre, in the post-rotavirus vaccination period, particularly with regard to the emerging, increasingly prevalent G12P[8] genotype. A total of 488 fecal specimens from diarrheic and non-diarrheic children were obtained between January and December 2012. RVA detection was initially performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, followed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers. RVA was detected in 18.3% (44/241) of the children with acute diarrhea and in 1.2% (3/247) of the non-diarrheic children (P < 0.001), with overall RVA-positivity of 9.6% (47/488). The most common genotype was G2P[4] with 43.2% (19/44) of the diarrheic cases, followed by G12P[8] (27.3%, 12/44), G3P[6] (18.2%, 8/44), G3P[8] (4.5%, 2/44), and G12P[6] (2.3%, 1/44). G12 samples belonged to lineage III and were from children aged 4-52 months. All of these children had acute diarrhea associated with fever (83.3%, 10/12) and vomiting (66.7%, 8/12). Most of the cases occurred in August (58.3%, 7/12), 75% (9/12) of which having received the full vaccination scheme with Rotarix™. For the first time G12 was reported at relative high prevalence in Brazil. Our findings warrant further monitoring studies on the molecular characterization of circulating RVA strains after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Brazil and elsewhere, since the occurrence of either unusual our emerging genotypes may pose a challenge to vaccination strategies.

RESUMOObjetivos: Avaliar o acesso e a acessibilidade às Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, caracterizando-os segundo os componentes organizacional e de infraestrutura. Metodologia: Pesquisa avaliativa, de natureza quantitativa, com delineamento transversal descritivo, fundamentada nos dados do terceiro ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Resultados: A maioria das UBS (84,4%) possuem horário fixo de funcionamento; 46,3% mantém atividades no horário do almoço; 87,1% apresentaram todos os ambientes com sinalização, facilitando acesso dos usuários; 21,7% apresenta estrutura divergente do estabelecido pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusão: Houve disparidades regionais nos achados encontrados em âmbito nacional quanto ao acesso e à acessibilidade. Na avaliação geral, o componente organizacional aponta conformidade com o preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e, no componente infraestrutura, a acessibilidade indicou percentuais que demandam avanços para melhoria do acesso.Descritores: Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde, Unidade Básica de Saúde, Atenção Primária à Saúde. ABSTRACTObjectives: Evaluate access and accessibility to Basic Health Units (BHU) in different regions of Brazil, characterizing them according to organizational and infrastructure components. Methodology: Evaluative research, of quantitative nature, with descriptive cross-sectional design, based on data from the third cycle of National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care. Results: Most BHU (84.4%) have fixed opening hours; 46.3% maintain activities at lunchtime; 87.1% presented all environments with signage, facilitating access of users; 21.7% presents a structure that differs from that established by the Ministry of Health. Conclusão: There were regional disparities in the findings found nationwide regarding access and accessibility. In the overall assessment, the organizational component points to compliance with the recommended by the Ministry of Health, and the infrastructure component, accessibility indicated percentages that require advances to improve access.Keywords: Accessibility to Health Services, Health Centers, Primary Health Care. RESUMENObjectivos: Evaluar el acceso y la accesibilidad a las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) en diferentes regiones de Brasil, multiplasándolas de acuerdo con los componentes organizativos y de infraestructura. Metodología: Investigación evaluativa, de naturaleza cuantitativa, con diseño transversal descriptivo, basada en datos del tercer ciclo del Programa Nacional para la Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria. Resultados: Más UBS (84,4%) tienen horarios de apertura fijos; 46,3% mantener actividades a la hora del almuerzo; El 87,1% presentó todos los entornos con señalización, facilitando el acceso de los usuarios; El 21,7% presenta una estructura que difiere de la establecida por el Ministerio de Salud. Conclusión: Hubo disparidades regionales en los resultados encontrados en todo el país con respecto al acceso y la accesibilidad. En la evaluación general, el componente organizacional apunta al cumplimiento del componente recomendado por el Ministerio de Salud y del componente de infraestructura, la accesibilidad indicó porcentajes que requieren avances para mejorar el acceso.Palabras clave: Accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, atención primaria de salud, atención primaria de salud.

RESUMO A vigilância da água é uma estratégia essencial para assegurar padrões de segurança e qualidade para o consumo humano. Entre os parâmetros de qualidade, destaca-se o fluoreto. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o modelo de vigilância da qualidade da água e apresentar uma proposta de indicadores e disseminação das informações à população com relação ao parâmetro fluoreto. Com base nas principais evidências científicas, explica-se a importância de se manter o parâmetro sob controle nos sistemas de abastecimento e apresenta-se uma descrição sumária do modelo de vigilância da água no Brasil, mostrando que o desenho não oferece indicadores para monitorar longitudinalmente o parâmetro nem a visibilidade a todos os que têm direito à informação. Em seguida, apresentam-se as bases técnicas e operacionais do Sistema de Vigilância da Fluoretação da Água de Abastecimento Público, uma proposta para aprimoramento do modelo. Indicadores para disseminação das informações são descritos, argumentando-se que o País dispõe de recursos e condições para superar a precariedade das informações sobre a concentração de fluoreto e sobre a cobertura da fluoretação da água em todas as unidades do território nacional.