Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with symptoms that can severely affect patients’ quality of life. While drug administration inhibits most of the positive symptoms, it fails to effectively treat the negative symptoms and in turn relies on rehabilitation therapies. With technological progress, virtual reality (VR) has been the target of recent studies in terms of mental health rehabilitation and has been shown to be a tool with ecological validity in order to introduce the individual to situations similar to their daily life. Methods: From July to August 2021, we conducted a systematic review with the purpose of understanding the impact of virtual reality rehabilitation on negative symptoms and psychosocial rehabilitation in the schizophrenia spectrum. The searches were performed in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results: In our search, we identified 201 results, where 108 duplicates were excluded, resulting in a final balance of 93. After reading and assessing the titles and abstracts, 66 studies were excluded. Of the remaining 27 reports, 23 were excluded for not meeting the previously defined eligibility criteria, resulting in the inclusion of four studies in this systematic review. Conclusions: The available data on the specific topic was limited and could have been more complete. However, in our review, we were able to identify statistically relevant results demonstrating the effectiveness of intervention. We could find medium to large effects, allowing VR to be an ally for rehabilitation of symptoms related to schizophrenia.

ResumoEnquadramento: A cirurgia abdominal alta está associada a alta incidência de complicações pulmonares. A técnica breath stacking (BS) perspetiva-se como recurso com potencial terapêutico para a enfermagem de reabilitação. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica BS na melhoria da função respiratória. Metodologia: Estudo quasi-experimental com 36 mulheres submetidas a cirurgia bariátrica, distribuídas pelos grupos de controlo (GC) e intervenção (GI). Foram avaliadas no pré e pós-operatório as medidas capacidade vital forçada (CVF), volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), pressão inspiratória máxima (PIm), pressão expiratória máxima (PEm), saturação periférica de oxigénio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória (FR). Foi aplicada a técnica BS no GI no pré e pós-operatório. Recorreu-se à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Observaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas pós-operatórias, entre o GC e o GI, na CVF ( -20,29 vs. -13,60), VEF1 (-23,05 vs. -13,38), PIm (-22,96 vs. -14,93), PEm (-14,10 vs -10,32) e FR (12,29 vs 6,45). Conclusão: A técnica de BS permitiu melhorar a função respiratória do GI e reverter as alterações previsíveis no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica. AbstractBackground: Upper abdominal surgery is associated with a high incidence of pulmonary complications. The breath-stacking (BS) technique is considered a resource with therapeutic potential for rehabilitation nursing. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the BS technique in improving the respiratory function. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study with 36 women undergoing bariatric surgery, distributed into a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), the maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and the respiratory rate (RR) were evaluated in the pre and postoperative periods. The BS technique was applied to the IG in the pre and postoperative periods. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: Statistically significant postoperative differences were observed between the CG and the IG in FVC (-20.29 vs. -13.60), FEV1 (-23.05 vs. -13.38), MIP (-22.96 vs. -14.93), MEP and RF (12.29 vs. 6.45). Conclusion:The BS technique improved the respiratory function of the IG and reversed the predictable changes in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery. Eficácia da técnica de breath stacking na função respiratória em mulheres submetidas a cirurgia bariátricaEffectiveness of the breath-stacking technique in the respiratory function of women undergoing bariatric surgery Eficacia de la técnica de breath stacking sobre la función respiratoria en mujeres sometidas a cirugía bariátrica

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of Internet addiction and physical activity, as well as the relationship between internet addiction and physical activity, among Polish and Portuguese students in the final year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based online survey was conducted among students in Poland and Portugal (398 respondents) aged between 17 and 26 in October 2022. The level of internet addiction was assessed by the Kimberly Young questionnaire in Polish and in Portuguese. The level of physical activity was measured by the international physical activity questionnaire in Polish and in Portuguese. Results: In the study population, the majority of the respondents were mildly addicted to the internet. The average level of addiction was reported by 9.3–23.5% of the respondents. The average level of internet addiction was higher among Portuguese students and among men. Those who had suffered from COVID-19 (especially more than once) and were more physically active showed a higher tendency towards internet addiction. Conclusions: Internet addiction is a problem that has to be monitored and given more attention, particularly among male students. The results presented provide the first statistical insight into the problem of internet addiction among students in both countries and form the basis for further studies. They also highlight the severity of the problem and point to the need for early preventive and protective interventions against problematic internet use. It appears that effective strategies should include promoting the benefits of physical activity.

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to make a preliminary assessment of depression rates and levels of physical activity and the association between physical activity and depression among Polish and Portuguese students in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based online survey was conducted among students in Poland and Portugal (398 respondents—229 from Poland and 169 from Portugal) aged between 17 and 26 in October 2022. The level of depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in Polish and in Portuguese. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Polish and in Portuguese. Results: Overall, 20–35% of respondents suffered from moderate depression, with a lower proportion among men. There were no differences in the percentage distribution of depression classification between Polish and Portuguese students. A decrease in the severity of depression was observed with increasing physical activity. In both countries, walking more often had the strongest effect on reducing depression scores. Conclusions: The continued and alarming prevalence of depressive disorders among university students in the year after the pandemic began had a significant impact on this population—further research on the impact of physical activity on mental health in different populations should be conducted to adjust the optimal level of physical activity for alleviating negative psychiatric symptoms.