IntroductionThe scientific literature makes widespread reference to the association between chronic noncommunicable diseases, especially rheumatic and cardiovascular diseases, and hyperuricemia 1,2,3 . The relationship between excess plasma uric acid and gout is described in the literature, but despite all the studies and technological advances, there is still limited evidence to show a direct relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases 3,4,5 .According to previous studies, some foods can help increase or decrease the serum uric acid levels 6,7,8 , depending on their purine content. There is still little information on the exact amount of purines contained in foods, since their content and availability depend on the food processing procedures, among other factors 4,9,10 .Various studies 3,8,11,12,13 have pointed to excessive intake of fat, alcohol, and fructose, as well as changes in body weight (both excess weight and sudden weight loss) as risk factors for hyperuricemia. In addition, a reduction in the consumption of protein-rich foods (especially animal protein) can help decrease the blood uric acid levels 11,13 . The literature includes reports that excess body fat may be the most important nutritional factor for hyperuricemia 2,4,14 .According to previous publications, hyperuricemia is associated with various chronic diseases such as arterial hypertension, cardio-ARTIGO ARTICLE Poletto J et al. 370 Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 27(2):369-378, fev, 2011

We evaluated the impact of a lifestyle intervention on the cardiometabolic risk profile of women participating in the

eripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a severe atherosclerotic complication of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with a deleterious impact on the quality of life. Walking intolerance and amputation are major problems for subjects with PAD. Moreover, this is associated with an increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. People with PAD are more than 4 times likely to die of any cause over 2 years from diagnosis than those without this condition. [1][2][3][4] PAD may be identified non-invasively by the determination of the ankle-to-brachial systolic blood pressure (BP) index; values <0.9 are indicative of the presence of disease. [5][6][7] Similar to other sites of the atherosclerotic disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and use of tobacco are major risk factors for PAD. The inflammation process contributes to the progression of the atherosclerotic lesion. Considering that underlying mechanisms of peripheral and coronary artery diseases are common, similarities in dietary risk factors for both conditions would be expected. 8 Cohort and cross-sectional studies showed a high risk of PAD among subjects with a low intake of dietary antioxidants (eg, carotenoids, and vitamins C and E) or with low circulating levels of these substances. 7,9,10 However, PAD has received less attention in nutrition research, perhaps because its non-fatal presentation becomes symptomatic at a more advanced age compared with other forms of atherosclerosis, such as coronary heart disease and stroke. 11 Epidemiological studies have detected an inverse association between fiber consumption and PAD. 3 This finding is quite plausible as soluble fiber intake was shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. In addition to having a favorable impact on total and LDL-cholesterol and fasting insulin, cereal fiber has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. The type of dietary fat consumed has been closely related to atherosclerotic diseases, including PAD. 12 The replacement of saturated fatty acids by mono-or polyunsaturated fatty acids was shown to reduce significantly total and LDL-cholesterol levels. Some evidence suggests that resistance to lipid oxidation could be improved with a diet that has a high content of antioxidants, thus improving the dietary fatty acid composition. 12 The Western diet, which is often characterized by a low content of complex carbohydrates and is rich in animal fat, plays a role in the epidemics of obesity and related diseases, which are also found in migrants from Asian countries. [13][14][15] However, we did not know whether any component of their usual diet would be associated with PAD, as diagnosed by the ankle-to-brachial systolic BP index. This cross-sectional Fat and Fiber Consumption are Associated With Peripheral Arterial Disease in a Cross-Sectional Study of a Japanese-Brazilian PopulationSuely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno, PhD; Amélia Toyomi Hirai, MD; Helena Aiko Harima, PhD; Mário Yasuo Kikuchi, PhD; Rosana Farah Simony, PhD; Newton de Barros Jr,...

Aim To identify predictive factors associated with non-deterioration of glucose metabolism following a 2-year behavioral intervention in Japanese-Brazilians. Methods 295 adults (59.7% women) without diabetes completed 2-year intervention program. Characteristics of those who maintained/improved glucose tolerance status (non-progressors) were compared with those who worsened (progressors) after the intervention. In logistic regression analysis, the condition of non-progressor was used as dependent variable. Results Baseline characteristics of non-progressors (71.7%) and progressors were similar, except for the former being younger and having higher frequency of disturbed glucose tolerance and lower C-reactive protein (CRP). In logistic regression, non-deterioration of glucose metabolism was associated with disturbed glucose tolerance - impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance - (p < 0.001) and CRP levels ≤ 0.04 mg/dL (p = 0.01), adjusted for age and anthropometric variables. Changes in anthropometry and physical activity and achievement of weight and dietary goals after intervention were similar in subsets that worsened or not the glucose tolerance status. Conclusion The whole sample presented a homogeneous behavior during the intervention. Lower CRP levels and diagnosis of glucose intolerance at baseline were predictors of non-deterioration of the glucose metabolism after a relatively simple intervention, independent of body adiposity.

OBJETIVO: Casamento interétnico entre brasileiros nikkeis e não nikkeis pode favorecer a ocidentalização da dieta. Compararam-se consumo alimentar, dados clínico-laboratoriais e frequências de doenças metabólicas em população nipo-brasileira, com casamento intraétnico ou interétnico. MÉTODOS: Empregaram-se teste t, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e coeficiente de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Em 1009 nipo-brasileiros havia 18,9% de casamentos interétnicos, mais frequentes entre homens nikkeis. Estes apresentaram maiores médias de IMC, cintura, pressão arterial, glicemia e triglicérides que mulheres. As frequências de obesidade, hipertrigliceridemia e síndrome metabólica foram 47,7%, 68,1% e 45,2%, sendo maiores nos casamentos interétnicos comparados aos intraétnicos. Comparando-se indivíduos com casamento interétnico, hipertrigliceridemia foi mais frequente nos homens e HDL-c baixo nas mulheres. O consumo de calorias, gorduras e dos grupos de álcool, doces e óleos foram maiores nos casamentos interétnicos. Indivíduos casados intraetnicamente consumiam mais carboidratos, proteínas, fibras, vitaminas, minerais, hortaliças, frutas/sucos, cereais e missoshiru. Comparando-se indivíduos com casamento interétnico, homens nikkeis apresentavam padrão mais ocidental que mulheres nikkeis. CONCLUSÃO: Casamento interétnico associa-se a hábitos alimentares menos saudáveis e pior perfil de risco cardiometabólico.