This paper focuses on research concerning the ecotoxicological properties of granulated slag from the pilot production of gray iron with red mud addition and concrete composites with the application of this slag. Red mud is a hazardous waste generated in the production of aluminium oxide. Negative ecotoxicological tests are, therefore, one of the basic prerequisites for the ability to use granulated slag from gray iron pilot production. Granulated slag and concrete composite samples with various ratios of granulated slag have been subject to ecotoxicity tests: determining root growth inhibition in the highly-cultivated plant Sinapis alba, and determining acute toxicity in Daphnia magna. The results of ecotoxicological testing of granulated slag from gray iron standard production and gray iron pilot production with the additive were, according to the standard (STN 83 8303), negative. Additionally, the results of ecotoxicological tests of concrete composites were negative, with the exception of a 50% substitution of fine aggregate with slag from gray iron pilot production.

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The bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration is the most important by-product, in terms of energy recovery from municipal solid waste. Safe treatment and reuse of this bottom ash in construction materials is one of the ways of its effective use. The specific use precedes the study of the properties of the bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration. In this study, samples of bottom ash were examined via sieve analysis, basic chemical parameters, ecotoxicological property analysis and determination of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn). The sieve analyses of samples showed different contents of individual fractions. Ecotoxicological tests for acute toxicity on Daphnia magna in the raw aqueous extract showed positive results mortality of all individuals after 24 hours. The toxic effect of bottom ash was confirmed by the content of heavy metals.

Anthropogenic activities cause the accumulation of pollutants in the aquatic environment. Conventional wastewater treatment plants do not completely remove emergent pollutants, including personal care products, in which the surfactants are an essential ingredient. The results of our study confirm the presence of the surfactants in the aquatic environment, which represents an ecological and environmental risk. It was confirmed by ecotoxicological tests (test with using Daphnia magna and Lemna minor) and the specified content of the surfactants in the samples. The content of the surfactants in personal care products is significant and their impact on the aquatic environment is not sufficiently monitored. Root wastewater treatment plants, as innovative cleaning methods, represent effective cleaning methods, which can be used as a separate object or as an object for further cleaning already cleaned water from conventional wastewater treatment plants. Purified water from these devices can be recycled and used again as utility water (according to the model presented in the article). A significant benefit from the point of view of global warming and the effect of anthropogenic activity is the saving of drinking water as a natural resource. Root wastewater treatment plants ensure the required quality of discharged water in the aquatic environment.

The aim of the study was to establish and compare the model of the biodegradability and ecotoxicological properties of oil samples in aqueous environment.The unused new mineral oil Turbinol and used (after 1 year of usage) recovered oil Turbinol purified by the electrostatical method were the tested samples. For the determination of the ecotoxicological properties, the test organisms used were seeds of Sinapis alba L. and the small aquatic crustaceans Daphnia magna. Preliminary tests were positive and determined the acute toxicity with the values of IC 50 and EC 50 . Biodegradability was determined by the manometric method, in tests which lasted 28 days. Tests of toxicity were positive, and the samples were found to be hard to biodegrade. Determination of the oil composition by gas chromatography with mass detection (GC -MS); found that the composition of the electrostatically cleaned oil is comparable to the new oil, which is confirmed by the results obtained with the response inhibition in selected tests. Regeneration extends the oil life, reducing the cost of disposal of waste oils, saving fossil raw materials, thus belonging to the environmentally friendly techniques.