Cet article propose une grille analytique et méthodologique du lien entre migrations et développement rural au Sud à partir de la notion de système familial multilocalisé. Les stratégies de moyens d’existence et les capabilités des familles sont analysées au prisme de leur espace de mobilité et des circulations qui articulent villes et campagnes, aux échelles nationales et internationales. L’application de la grille d’analyse aux campagnes du Nicaragua permet d’en tester la pertinence.

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It is only recently that research on Indian groundwater has considered a perspective in terms of commons. ATCHA, an interdisciplinary project that includes among others hydrology, crop modelling and remote sensing analysis, includes such a lens in its study of the Berambadi watershed, Karnataka, India. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups have shown that the local aquifers are not managed as a commons, and brought into light several factors hindering collective action. In this paper, these factors are reconsidered, in particular through Ostrom’s criteria. The national policy is currently trying to define a new legal framework for more sustainable management of the resource, but this new law is not known to users and it seems difficult to implement because it calls into question too many vested interests. We argue for aquifer management committees, which could be an intermediary between national policy orientations and users who are (rationally) not endorsing collective action.