Informal recycling workers (IRWs), including waste pickers (WPs) and waste sorters, are essential constituents of sustainable ecosystems in many cities in the Global South. Despite their valuable contributions to the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable urban waste recycling, most IRWs work in precarious conditions. This paper examines recent efforts by local municipalities in Izmir to implement co-production design as a new institutional arrangement to generate green jobs for informal workers that provide high and stable incomes, job security, and social recognition. Using qualitative analyses of recent developments in the legal framework and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, this paper identifies the following challenges associated with the current co-production efforts as its main findings: the lack of fiscal and legislative support from the central government; failure to include all IRWs in the co-production schemes; and the potential exclusion of marginalized communities due to the arbitrary requirements of a security clearance, which limit the inclusion of IRWs in co-production efforts.

This study analyses the ethnic entrepreneurship activities of immigrant women from Turkey in Germany in the context of beauty sector. Ethnic entrepreneurship refers to the migrant groups' self-employment tendency as an economic activity. This economic activity creates job opportunities for entrepreneurs themselves and also for their co-ethnics in the host countries. On the other hand, this economic activity creates an ethnic niche market which offers cultural specific services and goods demanded by other immigrants. Ethnic entrepreneurship is widespread economic activity among immigrants from Turkey in Germany. Restaurants, groceries, travel agencies are the most common examples. As the immigrant population from Turkey and their diversity increases, their cultural specific demands become varied in the migration context. In this sense, immigrant women, their beauty needs and the places meeting this demand are part of this diversity mentioned before. However, in the literature studies on women ethnic entrepreneurs are relatively scarce. The study which is focusing on this unstudied subject aims to understand how cultural and gender factors shape immigrant women's entrepreneurship activity. This research was based on a six-week field study including in-depth interviews with eleven immigrant women respondents who run business in beauty sector in Cologne. Although all the respondents are second-generation immigrants, it is observed that their migration backgrounds and experiences have an effect on their entrepreneurship activities. Services offering in those businesses shape in accordance with the demands from their co-ethnics and especially women. Domestic chores and child-care are assumed to be women's responsibility and this affects their career path. Lastly, business ownership increases women's self-esteem and improves their economic and social statuses in their relations with their families, ethnic networks and the host society.