The results suggest that therapy with either an agonist or antagonist of GnRH is associated with comparable levels of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in granulosa cells in ICSI cycles supplemented with rLH.

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women diagnosed with infertility attending the Outpatient Clinic of Infertility from Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Brazil. Patients and Methods: This molecular study enrolled a total of 112 women. Among these patients, 62 presented primary infertility while 50 presented secondary infertility. The criteria for eligibility included women who were: reproductive-aged; no prior report of seroconversion for HIV; no antibiotic or vaginal cream used in the preceding 30 days; and abstinence from sexual intercourse for 72 hours before the visit. The women were submitted to a gynecological examination and cervical samples were collected with an endocervical cytobrush for molecular analysis of C. trachomatis. Results: The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 8% with similar prevalence between primary (8.1%) and secondary (8.0%) infertility. Conclusion: Considering the asymptomatic nature of chlamydial infection and its association with tubal factor infertility, there is a pressing need to incorporate the screening of C. trachomatis infection as part of the routine investigation for infertility. The early diagnostic by screening can minimize complications and reduce Public Health costs with Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Objetivo: Relacionar a diferença entre o intervalo (dias) até a menstruação numa dosagem fixa de estradiol na fase lútea com a recentemente enunciada taxa de maturação folicular (FORT) em ciclos de ICSI com antagonista de GnRH. Método: Estudamos retrospectivamente 66 ciclos de ICSI em mulheres com ≤ 39 anos, que receberam 4mg/dia de estradiol a partir do 21 o dia da fase lútea anterior, por sete dias, iniciando controle de ultra-sonografia transvaginal no 2 o dia do ciclo. O intervalo até o início do estímulo definiu 3 grupos: um dia (n=19); dois a cinco dias (n=32) e ≥ 6 dias (n=15). Com endométrio ≤ 5 mm foi realizada a CFA (>diâmetro entre 3 e 10mm) e iniciado o estímulo. O antagonista foi iniciado quando de folículo ≥ 14 mm. A aspiração folicular ocorreu 35-36h pós-hCG e a transferência embrionária no dia 3. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa nos grupos 1 e 3 quanto a duração média do estimulo, total de gonadotrofinas e FSH basal. Os níveis de estradiol basal mostraram diferença significativa entre os três grupos, com níveis mais altos respectivamente nos grupos 1, 2 e 3. Não houve diferença quanto ao total de ampolas de antagonista, oócitos aspirados, oócitos M2 e também ao FORT (desfecho primário). O mesmo quanto ao total de embriões, os embriões de boa qualidade transferidos e taxa de gestação por transferência. Conclusão: Os dados preliminares não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao FORT entre os grupos. O estudo completo incluirá 268 ciclos, com poder de 90% em demonstrar esta diferença.

Purpose To investigate the effect of the anticoagulation factor annexin A5 on male fertility and to provide perspective on the influence of members of the coagulation cascade on fertility. Methods Patients with normozoospermia and with unexplained severe oligozoospermia were retrospectively selected and their genomic DNA sequenced for the promoter region of ANXA5. The genotypes proportions and the odds ratio for carriership of the haplotype M2 were compared between the groups and population control. The clinical data used were gathered from parameters determined during routine clinical assessment and were compared between carriers and non-carriers within the patient groups. Results The carrier rates for the haplotype M2/ANXA5 were of 25.73%, 20.81%, and 15.3% in the severe oligozoospermic, the normozoospermic, and the general population control groups, respectively. The OR between patients groups was of 1.31 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.96 p = 0.176). Oligozoospermic and normozoospermic patients compared with the control group had an OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.73 p < 0.001) and 1.45 (95% CI 0.99 to 2.10 p = 0.054) respectively. The clinical parameters that differed between the carriers and non-carriers of the haplotype M2/ANXA5 were prolactin, α-glucosidase, and fructose. The differences were only statistically significant in the normozoospermic group. Conclusions Athough the infertile patient groups had a higher prevalence of promoter variants, we could not demonstrate any biologically relevant effect of lower levels of annexin A5 on most male fertility parameters. A deficiency in an anticoagulation factor does not seem to impact male fertility.