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Strategic communication merupakan konsep dan kajian yang relatif baru dalam ilmu komunikasi. Sebelumnya, konsep strategic communication banyak digunakan dalam kajian militer dan ilmu pemerintahan terkait dengan internasional relations. Sebagai konsep baru, tidak mengherankan jika banyak perbedaan pandangan tentang makna strategic communication, terkait dengan posisi ilmu komunikasi, kesamaanya dengan public relations dan corporate communication, sampai paradigma yang digunakan. Artikel ini telah mengeksplorasi berbagai makna tentang strategic communication dengan tujuan memaknai strategic communication yang berbasis ilmu komunikasi dengan menolak sikap taken-for-granted sebagai bagian dari management strategy. Berangkat dari penjelasan tersebut dan dengan menggunakan metode literature review, strategic communication dimaknai sebagai proses komunikasi antar aktor dalam organisasi yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk interaksi yang saling memahami dan bekerjasama untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan berbasis paradigma postmodernisme.

Managing stakeholders in the era of digital society become more complicated and the corporate crisis is highly potential to come forward. Consequently, to develop a long-term profitable relationship with the stakeholders requires dialogue based method. However, many corporate implement stakeholder relationship model remain derived from the understanding that corporate is the centre of all stakeholders, or corporate-centric model. A new model of system-centric than proposed in order to deal with the stakeholders in the era of digital society. The model implies that the corporate will be no longer being a central of stakeholders. It means the position of the corporate being a part of the system and involve symmetrical two-way communication strategy. This paper aimed at, firstly to elaborate a social network that would be potential to create the crisis if the corporate is not implementing the system-centric model that requires the development of multi-stakeholders learning dialogues. Secondly, it also analyzed the steps should be taken into account in order to transform traditional model toward symmetrical communication model of stakeholder relationship. Furthermore, method of literature review was applied as a basis of theoretical construction on stakeholder relationship model that should be engaged in avoiding of the crisis.

Abstrak Sejak kelahirannya, tiga dekade yang lalu hingga hari ini, IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications) telah menjadi perhatian para akademisi dan praktisi di seluruh dunia. Sebagai kajian yang relatif baru, penting untuk meninjau perkembangan IMC yang ditelusuri dari berbagai tulisan yang diterbitkan di jurnal-jurnal internasional terindeks sebagai bentuk manifestasi perkembangannya. Guna melihat perkembangan IMC selama tiga dekade ini dapat didasarkan pada tiga aspek, yaitu theoretical building, topik penelitian dan pengimplementasian IMC. Tujuannya untuk: (1) Melihat sejauhmana perkembangan IMC jika dilihat dari ketiga aspek tersebut dengan membandingkan deskripsi perkembangan sebelum tahun 2005? (2) Aspek apa yang berkembang paling signifikan sehingga beda dengan gambaran perkembangan IMC sebelum tahun 2008? Tahun 2005 dan 2008 dijadikan patokan karena pada saat itu riset perkembangan IMC secara teoretis (2005) dan topik-topik penelitian serta implementasinya (2008) telah dipublikasikan. Dengan menggunakan kajian literatur, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa IMC terus berkembang secara teoretis, namun demikian tidak meninggalkan gagasan dasar yang telah dibangun pada tahun 2005. Hingga kini, teorisasi IMC semakin memertajam bangunan kontruksnya dan lebih bersifat multi-disipliner. Kata Kunci: Perkembangan IMC, Teorisasi IMC, Topik penelitian, Implementasi IMC Abstract Since its inception, three decades ago until today, IMC (Integrated Marketing Communications) has become attention of academics and practitioners around the world. As a relatively new concept, it is important to review the development of IMC which is traced from various papers published in international journals indexed as a manifestation of its development. To identify the development of IMC over the past three decades, it can be based on three aspects, namely theoretical building, research topics, and IMC implementation. Aim of this article is to: (1) Describe IMC development that is viewed from three aspects by comparing before 2005? (2) What aspect is developed most significantly so that it is different from the description of IMC development before 2008? Year 2005 and 2008 were used as benchmarks because at that time research on development of IMC theoretical (2005), research topics, and its implementation (2008) had been published. Using literature review, this research concludes that the IMC continues to develop theoretically, but did not abandon the basic ideas that had been built in 2005. Hitherto, theorization of IMC has sharpened in its construct and become more multi-disciplinary in nature. Keywords: IMC development, IMC theorization, research topics, IMC implementation,

Relationship with stakeholders has been widely seen as a communication phenomenon. Indeed, communication has long played an essential role in stakeholder theory. This study analyzed stakeholder relations in the communication discipline, which still left a room for review, based on stakeholder theory in the context of company management. Specifically, this study focused on both concepts in stakeholder relations, which was studied in communication science, and stakeholder theory, which was grounded on business ethics and strategic management. The concepts were analyzed using a social-oriented framework, and the aim was to disentangle and make evident the communication problems in this issue. The study used a literature review, to map the body of knowledge, and a qualitative approach based on a multidisciplinary perspective. This study recommended that stakeholder relations be a communication discipline, and it should examine stakeholders based on two interrelated analyses, namely normative and strategic. Stakeholder relations should focus on normativeethical studies, which were rooted in idealism. The strategic-operative aspects, which originated from realism, by contrast, could be delegated to other disciplines, such as public relations, organizational communication, corporate communication, strategic communication, to communication management.