Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur novel Pasung Jiwa dan menguraikan kriteria, penyebab, dan dampak transgender pada tokoh utama, serta aspek mekanisme pertahanan ego pada tokoh transgender dalam novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari ditinjau dari teori psikologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori psikologi sastra.Tahap analisis dilakukan dengan menganalis pembentuk unsur karya sastra yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik.Unsur intrinsik berupa tema, tokoh dan dimensi perwatakan, alur, dan latar, sedangkan unsur ekstrinsik dengan analisis psikologi.Teori yang digunakan adalah teori struktural dan teori psikologi.Teori psikologi yang digunakan menitik beratkan pada mekanisme pertahanan, yang meliputi represi, sublimasi, proyeksi, pengalihan, rasionalisasi, reaksi formasi, regresi, agresi PENDAHULUANSastra merupakan salah satu objek kajian yang selalu menarik para peneliti karena karya sastra mengisyaratkan gambaran hidup dan kehidupan manusia yang luas dan kompleks.Karya sastra mengungkapkan realitas kehidupan masyarakat secara kiasan.Artinya, karya sastra merupakan representasi atau cerminan dari masyarakat. Karya sastra merupakan sebuah cermin yang memberikan kepada pembaca sebuah refleksi realitas yang lebih besar, lebih lengkap, lebih hidup, dan lebih dinamik (Prof. Dr. Emzir,2015:254). Ketika para peneliti atau pemerhati membaca suatu karya sastra, baik berupa novel, drama, puisi, maupun cerita pendek, pada hakikatnya mereka bertujuan menikmati, mengapresiasi, atau bahkan mengevaluasi karya-karya tersebut.Hal ini berarti mereka bergumul dengan para tokoh dan penokohan yang terdapat di dalam karya-karya tersebut.Para tokoh rekaan ini menampilkan berbagai watak dan perilaku yang terkait dengan kejiwaan dan pengalaman psikologis atau konflik-konflik sebagaimana yang dialami oleh manusia di dalam kehidupan nyata.Selain itu, karya sastra juga mengandung aspek-aspek kejiwaan yang sangat kaya.Pengkajian aspek kejiwaan dalam manusia dapat menggunakan bantuan berbagai macam ilmu pengetahuan, salah satunya ialah psikologi.Seandainya para peneliti tersebut sekadar menikmati bacaan mereka melalui pendekatan sastra, maka terasa ada yang kurang lengkap dan menyeluruh ketika mereka
This research was based on the reality of the use of Indonesian language on social media that was vulgar, destructive, full of blasphemy, scorn, sarcasm, and tended to be provocative. This condition has destructive power because it spreads very quickly and is capable of arousing very strong emotions. This article aimed at presenting the results of research on the analysis model of impolite Indonesian language use. This model was developed from tracing status on social media which included language impoliteness in 2019. The novelty of this analysis model was that it involved a factor of power that allowed the appearance of such impolite speech. Therefore, this model is composed of several stages. First, presenting text in the form of spoken, written, and visual texts. Second, transcribing texts. Third, interpreting language impoliteness. At the interpreting stage, the impoliteness of the speeches was carried out by: (1) analyzing the contexts, (2) analyzing the power, (3) analyzing the dictions and language styles that contained impoliteness, (4) analyzing ethical speech acts, and (5) manipulating language politeness. From these language manipulation efforts, they were made to habituate language discipline to create a polite language society.
As one of many forms in creative writing, short stories are usually assumed to be written by people who have a certain level of high creativity and intellectual capacity. This research revealed unusual cases in which some Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong have been expressing their thoughts and imagination in the form of short stories and intended to identify and explain their creative process in writing the short stories. Using qualitative research with case study methods, this research found eight reasons and stimulus and found that writing short stories could be done by virtually anyone, including marginalized people, as long as they have enough creative drive and determination to overcome any shortcoming or challenge which may hinder their creative process. A conducive environment and supporting community are also helpful factors.
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