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Background: Endometriosis is dened as a chronic, oestrogen- dependent, benign inammatory disease characterized by growth of endometrial glands and/ or stroma outside the uterine cavity. 25% of women affected with endometriosis are asymptomatic, other may present with symptoms like chronic pelvic or abdominal pain and/ or infertility. Common sites or ectopic locations include primarily the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries and rectovaginal septum. We are presenting a case of 30-year-old Indian women with com Case: plains of pain in abdomen and a palpable mass in the anterior abdominal wall in right iliac fossa. Computed Tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis (Plain and contrast) showed large well dened abnormal soft tissue density mass lesion with inhomogeneous enhancement on contrast – Favouring: ? Infective ? Neoplastic etiology. Result: Excision was done and tissue was sent for histopathology. Histopathological diagnosis was made as Endometriosis. Keeping this case Conclusion: in mind, for patients with subcutaneous mass in anterior abdominal wall and complains of abdominal pain, endometriosis should always be kept as a differential diagnosis. Histopathology stands as a gold standard for the diagnosis as CT (Plain and contrast) is insufcient in the denitive diagnosis of such lesions.

Dyshormonogenetic goiter is a rare cause for congenital hypothyroidism because of the lack of enzymes needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. They are usually treated with hormonal treatment. Cytomorphological features can lead to misdiagnosis of malignancy. Elaboration on the cytomorphological features of dyshormonogenetic goiter is scarce, with only four case reports in the literature. We present a case of a child with dyshormonogenetic goiter, highlighting its cytological features, and common differential diagnosis. We also compared cytomorphologic features with other cases reported in the literature.

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Background: Although semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate male partner in infertile couples, infertility and problems of impaired fecundity have been a concern through ages and is also a significant clinical problem today, which affects 8-12% of couples worldwide. Aim of the study was to study different semen parameters in male factor infertility (MFI) and thus increasing the awareness regarding same.Methods: This is cross sectional study conducted between period of September 2016 to December 2018. Semen of 150 patients were studied and results were analysed as per recent WHO (2010) criteria.Results: The present study included 150 patients whose age ranged from 24 to 51 years. Patients were divided into different age groups and sperm count was studied in each group. Abnormal sperm morphology was studied with respect to sperm head, neck, tail defects and combined defects. Sperm deformity index (SDI) and Teratozoospermic index (TZI) were calculated. Other parameters including semen volume, pH, liquefaction time, sperm vitality and motility were also studied which showed significant variations. Conclusions: Although semen analysis is first and most informative investigation for evaluation of male factor infertility, studying individual semen parameters and sperm function and increasing its awareness in general population especially in developing countries is equally important. Besides, it is necessary to acknowledge its limitation with respect to collection, processing, evaluation and biological variation of samples. Also, a normal semen analysis may not prove successful fertility potential of an individual.