There was no difference in lowest mean oxygen saturation between the two groups. The application of AO during RSI did not prevent desaturation of patients in this study population.

No abstract

Introduction: It is appear to be increasing in incidence over part couple of decades in India and western world due to increased intake of fatty and high calorie diet and increased consumption of alcohol. Cholecystits and cholelithiasis are very common particularly in fatty, fertile and female of forty to fifty. Various sign and symptoms like severe pain in Murphy's point in right upper quadrant of abdomen , bilious vomiting , mild to moderate increase in temperature , obstructive jaundice , loss of appetite are present in these disease. Aim of study: The purpose of the present study is to compare the histological changes in the wall of human gall bladder in Cholecystits and cholelithiasis. Material and methods: Gallbladder of 100 patients of both sexes, aged between 12 years to 80 years was taken for present research work who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis with cholecystits. The gall bladder biopsy was processed for histopathological examination. Hemotoxyllin and eosin staining was done for microscopic observations. Results: The observations showed focal and diffused ulceration of mucosa and inflammatory cells infiltrate in sub epithelial layers. Fibrosis and thickening of the perimuscular layer with muscle hypertrophy were observed in maximum cases. The congestion of blood vessels and hemorrhage were also noted. Discussion: The conclusion of study is to demonstrate predominate alteration in specific layer of diseased gallbladder and to compare it with each other and normal one. Once histopathological changes occur they alter the normal tissue pattern and can induce the carcinogenic progression and metastasis. The advantage of this work is early differential diagnosis between the two and two give effective treatment as early as possible.

Aim of the study was to find out the role of biochemical markers in diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic liver disease and compared these values with healthy subjects of Rajasthan. Total 300 subjects were selected in which 200 were selected as patients group (alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic liver disease (NALD) group) and 100 were normal healthy subjects. Total 100 alcoholic liver disease patients in which 91 patients were male and 09 patients were female. In non-alcoholic liver disease group 55 males and 45 females are enrolled. Patients were distributed age wise. Serum cholinesterase and serum 5-nucleotidase were estimated by commercially available kit on spectrophotometer. Serum cholinesterase level is 2822.99± 716.51 in ALD patients. In NALD patients, serum cholinesterase level was 4299.95±1014.76 and in control group mean serum cholinesterase level was 6303.99±977.59. Pvalue was statically highly significant. (P≤ 0.0001), as well as serum 5-nucleotidase level was 25.89± 5.77 and 17.70± 4.43 in ALD and NALD respectively. In control group mean level of serum 5-nucleotidase was 9.851± 3.24. (P≤ 0.0001). We conclude that serum cholinesterase level was decreased in both disease group, whereas serum 5-nucleotidase level is increased in both disease groups. Both parameters are liver specific and specific test for alcohol induced or alcoholic liver disease as well as in non-alcoholic liver disease. Both parameters can be used as a marker of liver disease. it was concluded that serum cholinesterase and 5'-nucleotidase are better diagnostic marker then the conventional liver function test that are raised in other liver disease also.