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Nanoparticles form the basis of nanoscience and nanotechnology which are considered as the most growing disciplines amongst various fields of science. Various methods for synthesis of nanoparticles include conventional methods like hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, laser-ablation, electrochemical techniques and thermal methods. However biogenic synthesis of iron nanoparticles is advantageous over conventional methods due to its eco-friendly, simple, costeffective and non-toxic properties. Iron nanoparticles possess wide range of application from environmental remediation to magnetization of sediments and they are also known to possess anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activity. Extracts of various plants like green tea, Amaranthus dubius, and Eichhornia Crassipes, Cynometra Ramiflora, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Melaleuca Nesophila Rosemarinus Officinalis are reported for synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Different environmental remediation applications of iron nanoparticles include degradation of dyes, removal of nitrate, hexavalent chromium, arsenate, arsenite, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphates. This review focuses on various plant extracts utilized for synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications. Different classes of phytochemicals responsible for conversion of precursor iron to nano-sized iron material, various characterization techniques for iron nanomaterials fabricated using plant extracts and optimum conditions for pollutant removal are also discussed.

Dyes are the chemical substances which impart color upon the application to the substrate by mechanical retention, physical adsorption, covalent bond formation and complexation with salts. Different approaches for dye removal include chemical approach (electrochemical destruction, ozonation, and Fenton-like oxidation), physical approach (filtration, coagulation, adsorption and ion-exchange) and biological approach (aerobic and anaerobic oxidation, microbial cultures). However, adsorption onto low cost bioadsorbents derived from agricultural wastes in beneficial over other techniques due to sludge free procedure, recovery of adsorbent, more efficient, technically easy and non-polluting characteristics. Agricultural wastes are chemically modified using alkali, acids, oxidizing agents, surfactants; and are modified by physical activation and biological treatments to alter its pore size, physic-chemical properties, chemical composition and surface area to enhance its adsorption potential. This review focuses on various adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes as such and in its chemically modified form for the uptake of dyes from aqueous solution, different factors affecting the uptake of dyes from aqueous solution and thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption process. Mechanism for the dye removal and different adsorption isotherms applicable to its are also presented.

Phoenix dactylifera L. commonly known as date palm is one of the major flora grown in the Kachchh region. Date palm is dioecious plant, that is, it owns separate male and female trees. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, and infrared red spectroscopy are some widely utilized sophisticated analytical techniques for the identification of bioactive phytoconstituents in medicinal plants. The present study aims to identify phytoconstituents present in ethyl acetate extract of male and female date palm leaves using GC-MS. These identified bioactive phytoconstituents were subjected toin silico useful biological activity prediction using pass online server. The study concluded that both male and female extracts were enriched phytochemicals possessing diverse valuable biological activity such as antihypercholestrolemic, anticancer, antineopolastic, lipid metabolism regulator, hepatoprotectant, and apoptosis antagonist.