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ABSTRAK Isu eksploitasi buruh sehingga kini terus mendapat liputan media tempatan dan antarabangsa. Ia adalah salah satu bentuk pemerdagangan orang yang ditempelak masyarakat dunia. Sebagai sebuah negara yang menjadi ahli kepada International Labour Organisation (ILO), isu ini perlu dipandang serius dan dibanteras. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji standard perburuhan antarabangsa dan peruntukan undang-undang di Malaysia berkaitan buruh paksa dan pemerdagangan orang dengan menganalisa kerangka perundangan dan isu-isu berkaitan menggunakan metodologi doktrinal dan kajian kepustakaan termasuk analisa beberapa kes-kes yang diputuskan di mahkamah. Walaupun Malaysia mempunyai undang-undang tempatan seperti Akta Anti-Pemerdagangan Orang dan Anti-penyeludupan Migran 2007 (ATIPSOM)[Akta 670] yang mencakupi aspek eksploitasi dan paksaan, begitu juga Akta Kerja 1955 [Akta 265] dan Akta Standard Minimum Perumahan dan Kemudahan Pekerja 1990 [Akta 446], dan namun terdapat dakwaan bahawa masih terdapat lacuna dalam undang-undang ini dan ianya memerlukan penambahbaikan bagi menangani isu eksploitasi buruh atau amalan buruh paksa di Malaysia dengan jayanya. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa oleh kerana terma buruh paksa tidak didefinisikan dalam mana-mana undang-undang di Malaysia  ia menyebabkan ketidakjelasan dan kesukaran dalam pemakaian dan penguatkuasaan undang-undang. Justeru, amat penting untuk memahami dengan tepat sesuatu terma yang dimaksudkan dalam perundangan bagi memastikan sejauh mana ekstremnya eksploitasi buruh atau amalan buruh paksa dalam konteks negara Malaysia

The development of science and technology today has contributed to the advancement of evidence law in the Civil Courts as well as Syariah Courts. The said application of science and technology refers to the scientific evidence produced from the results of analysis done by the expertise in forensic science. Numbers of reported Syariah cases has applied forensic science analysis and test to produce scientific evidence. These cases have portrayed the admission of scientific evidence in Syariah Courts and indicate the readiness of human capital in the Syariah Legal Institutions to apply the scientific evidence. Therefore, this study carry three purposes, to examine the main issues in handling the scientific evidence, to provide suggestion to rejuvenate human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions, and to suggest solution for the issues pointed out throughout the discussion. The result of this study elucidates two main issues that play integral part in handling the scientific evidence, which are the lack of knowledge and adequate experience. In order to overcome these particular issues, rejuvenation on the existing human capital in Syariah Legal Institutions must be done. This study focused on the rejuvenation in the aspect of knowledge and skills of human capital. The said module should contain two mains aspect, theoretical and practical aspect of forensic science. The target of this module is to serve the Syariah officers in the Syariah Legal Institutions as comprehensive guideline and instruction to lead the fundamentals of the forensic science in Syariah Courts into an appropriate platform. In conclusion, this study suggests the development of Fiqh Forensics Fundamental Module to curb the issues of lack of sufficient knowledge and adequate skills in handling scientific evidence.

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Since time immemorial, piracy has become a major threat to the safety and security at sea. It has been conferred universal jurisdiction because it is considered as an enemy of humankind.  Nevertheless, the punishment of this offence in international law varies from one county to another. For example in Malaysia the criminal would be punished under the Penal Code of Malaysia. On the other hand, in Islamic law the similar act of piracy or hirabah is punishable under the hadd punishment. This paper attempts to analyse the universality of the hadd punishment by making a comparison between the concept and punishments of piracy and hirabah. It is suggested that the hadd punishment for the offence of hirabah has universal character and is not changeable regardless of the place and time as compared to piracy in international law.