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Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered promising wearable optoelectronic devices due to environmental friendliness, light mass and the inherent flexibility of the active layer. To achieve flexible devices, many efforts...

Electrolytic cells are used in various electrochemical applications to drive nonspontaneous chemical reactions through electrical energy supply. A typical application in nanofabrication involves the synthesis of nanoporous materials by selective electrolytic leaching, during which an electrical bias voltage is used to drive the removal of sacrificial elements. Here we report on an electrolytic cell configuration that can do the selective leaching work without the need of external electrical energy, taking advantage of two phenomena: On one hand, during the "spontaneous" discharge of a metal−air battery, materials are removed from the anode; on the other hand, during nanofabrication by "nonspontaneous" selective leaching, sacrificial elements are removed from the starting material. We integrate these two processes in such a way that both "battery discharging" and "selective leaching" occur simultaneously. Here we have demonstrated the concept through the fabrication of nanoporous Au by selective leaching of Ag from Au/Ag parent materials in a nonoxidizing aqueous solution, a process that absolutely requires an electrical energy to drive the removal of Ag. In our integrated cell configuration, no external electrical energy was used. This new concept can be extended to the fabrication of a broad range of nanoporous materials under mild conditions, including the use of pure water as electrolyte as demonstrated in this work.

The effects of using CH4 as an assistant reduction agent in plasma-assisted NH3–SCR were investigated. The new hybrid reaction system performed better than DBD–NH3–SCR when the O2 concentration varied from 2% to 12%. Compared with DBD–NH3–SCR, DBD–NH3–CH4–SCR (NH3:CH4 = 1:1) showed a more significant promotion effect on the performance and N2 selectivity for NOX abatement. When the O2 concentration was 6% and the SIE was 512 J/L, the NO removal efficiency of the new hybrid system reached 84.5%. The outlet gas components were observed via FTIR to reveal the decomposition process and its mechanism. This work indicated that CH4, as an assistant agent, enhances DBD–NH3–SCR in excess oxygen to achieve a new process with significantly higher activity at a low temperature (≤348 K) for NOX removal.

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