Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins belong to a particular class of transcription factors of lateral organ boundary (LOB) specific domains that play essential roles in plant growth and development. However, a potato phylogenetic analysis of the LBD family has not been fully studied by scholars and researchers. In this research, bioinformatics methods and the growth of potatoes were used to identify 43 StLBD proteins. We separated them into seven subfamilies: Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and IIb. The number of amino acids encoded by the potato LBD family ranged from 94 to 327. The theoretical isoelectric point distribution ranged from 4.16 to 9.12 Kda, and they were distributed among 10 chromosomes. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of StLBD2-6 and StLBD3-5 were up-regulated under drought stress in the stem. The expression levels of StLBD1-5 and StLBD2-6 were down-regulated in leaves. We hypothesized that StLBD1-5 was down-regulated under drought stress, and that StLBD2-6 and StLBD3-5 up-regulation might help to maintain the normal metabolism of potato and enhance the potatoes’ resistance to drought.

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An intermolecular association and decarboxylation mechanism is proposed to understand the experimental evidence of the stepwise 2e− hopping in the reductant‐assisted thiolate‐gold cluster synthesis. Based on the newly proposed intermolecular reaction mechanism, a total of 19 molecular‐like reaction equations are deduced to account for the bottom‐up formation of 2e−–8e− gold nanoclusters in the CO‐directed [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis. With these established reaction equations, atomic pathways of three prototype cluster‐size evolution reactions are comprehensively explored in the course of [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis, namely, the conversion of 0e− homoleptic Au(I)‐SR complexes to the 2e− intermediate Au15(SR)13 cluster, the size‐evolution of 2e− Au15(SR)13 cluster to the 4e−–8e−cluster (stepwise 2e−‐hopping), and the isoelectronic addition reaction of [Au23(SR)16]− to the [Au25(SR)18]−. The studies reveal that the CO can combine with the Au(I)‐complex to form [Aux(SR)x‐COOH]− species in the alkaline condition, which acts as the active precursors in the 2e− hopping cluster‐size evolution process. Lastly, as a conceptual extension of the mechanistic studies of the CO‐reduction system, a similar intermolecular reaction mechanism is proposed for the 2e− reduction in the conventional “NaBH4 reduction” system.

A new catalyst containing 1-2 nm Au nanoparticles anchored to thiophenol covalently functionalized graphene sheets (Au/TP-GS) was fabricated using a facile, synthetic approach. The details of the morphologies, size and dispersion of the Au nanoparticles (NPs) and the chemical composition of the novel catalyst were verified by systematic characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting Au/TP-GS exhibited excellent catalytic activity for both the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and the photodegradation of Rhodamine B due to the synergistic effects between the TP-GS and Au NPs and the high utilization of the metal. The practical, efficient and facile in situ reduction approach to synthesize the nanocatalyst provides a more environmentally benign synthesis route to effectively produce low cost Au-based catalysts.Catal. Sci. Technol. This journal is

A high-performance palladium catalyst was developed by covalent binding of a Schiff base ligand, N,N'bis(3-salicylidenaminopropyl)amine (salpr), on the surface of hollow magnetic mesoporous spheres (HMMS) and followed immobilization with Pd(0). The catalyst characterized by TEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, TGA and N 2 adsorption-desorption. The novel catalyst exhibited a high activity in hydrogenation and Suzuki coupling reaction. Furthermore it was easy to be recovered in a facile manner from 10 the reaction mixture and recycled six times without any loss in activity.