No abstract

Conventional agriculture used chemical fertilizers and pesticides for long-term had negative impacts on the environment, due to chemical residues that pollute the environment. In addition it has a bad impact on the harvest, because they contain chemical residues that may affect health of consumers. Recently, there has been a global issue in agricultural sector of back to nature, such as the use of biological materials as components of fertilizers and pesticides, as known as an environmentally friendly agriculture. Farmers in the area of ​​Badan Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) at North Tambun, Bekasi Regency, have land that is suitable for farming food crops, palawija and horticulture. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production is still quite high until now, and doesn't used exact dose, method, type and frequency. To reduce the negative impact of residues using agricultural chemicals on the environment and yields, by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers, chemical pesticides with bio-pesticides. Farmer empowerment aims to increase knowledge, learning and skills regarding the selection of the composition of basic ingredients for making organic fertilizers and biopesticides, manufacturing training and assistance in how to apply directly to agricultural land. The outputs of PkM (Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) activities are increasing farmers understanding of environmentally friendly agriculture, increasing farmers knowledge in using organic fertilizers and biopesticides made by participants, and increasing interest and motivation from farmers to develop alternative organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides that are in accordance with the availability materials around and cropping patterns. It was proven that after counseling there was an increase in the knowledge aspect by 27.1%, the attitude aspect by 19.54% and the behavioral aspect by 8.9%.

The rapid growth of urbanization in urban areas raises doubts about the future of urban farming. However, urban farming can survive due to the ability of urban farming to innovate in expanding its functions in various factors that hinder it. Farmers as actors need to be empowered with various knowledge and technological innovations. The purpose of the study was to analyze the simultaneous and partial effect of variables on land area, risk-taking courage, farmer's age, and sources of information on technological innovation in urban farming farmers in the digital economy era, what factors are dominant, and analyze the effect of technological innovation on farmers' income—survey research method with OLS Multiple Regression of primary data analysis technique on 70 respondents. The result of the research is that the source of information has a significant effect on technological innovation and is the dominant factor with a value of β =57.6%. In contrast, the variables of land area, risk-taking courage, and age have no effect. Technological innovation has a significant impact on income. The research finding is that technological innovation in urban farming is not influenced by land area, age of farmers, and risk-taking courage but predominantly by sources of information that have implications for farmers' income.

Article History KeywordsLabor Land area Competency Experience of farming The role of government Farmer institutions Productivity Efficiency R/C ratio. JEL Classification:Q12; J21; Q15; D02; D61; Q19.Farming management is done because management is the ability of farmers to plan, organize and control the factors of production that they control as well as they are and can provide the expected agricultural production. The measure of management success is the productivity of each factor as well as the productivity of his effort. The problem of the research is how the simultaneous and partial impact of labor variables, land area, farmer competency, the experience of farming, the role of government and farmer institutions to rice farming and how its performance through productivity analysis and R/C ratio. Primary data analysis using OLS multiple regression. The results of the analysis were obtained simultaneously that labor variables, land area, farmer competency, the experience of farming, the role of government and farmer institutions significant effect on productivity with a coefficient of determination of 56,9%. The farmer competency variable is the dominant factor that affecting productivity with a Beta value of 56,9%. R/C ratio value 1,90, it means that farming is done efficiently by farmers. Optimum productivity is achieved in farming with an area of more than 1 hectare. The research finding of this study is that farmer competency is a determinant of productivity in the management of rice farming. Contribution/Originality:This study contributes in the existing literature is to be a reference for further researchers who want to deepen or re-examine the management of rice farming and are expected to later be able to make additional contributions to the government. In addition to strengthening institutional management that supports the management of farmer's rice farming to minimize losses on farmer's farming. It is hoped that rice farming can help farmers in obtaining a steady income for themselves and their families, having sufficient competence and skills in conducting efficient and productive farming.substitutes it with other basic food sources. Considering the importance of rice commodities, development is needed so that it remains the main priority in farmer's farming (Suger, 2001 in Astuti (2013)).

Creating a farmer who able to actively respond to the agricultural commodity supply is a major challenge faced by the national government today. A dominant supply response to a certain factor would be easier to be identified by the stakeholder to arrange policies in improving the volume of agricultural commodity production. This study aimed to: 1) summarize the theories and study results about the supply demands, 2) analyze the factors that affected the supply response, and 3) examine the common problem-solving method used to analyze the supply response method. The secondary data was employed in this study by collecting relevant studies and theories. A review then conducted to address the study aims. Results showed that the farmer supply response to several factors was required to utilize the superior agricultural and horticulture (fresh fruit) commodity opportunities in competing on the world market. Vietnam, Thailand, and Latin America also strictly competing in exporting their commodity, but Indonesian healthy products were having a great chance to win this competition.