Reading a literary work might give us an idea of the situations of society in a particular time. In the sociology of literature, this phenomenon is referred to as a mirror of an age. This means that a literary work does not simply describe the conditions of a society, but also values the tradition of the society. Taking Tan novel as its object, this study aimed to see the description of Indonesia's condition, at the time when the novel was composed by Hendri Teja. Alan Swingewood and Diana Laurenson's idea which sees literary work is the reflection of the age is used as the approach to this study. The data which were taken from the novel were analyzed by relating them to the secondary data taken from references discussing the situation of society depicted in the novel. The study concluded that the description in Tan novel portrays Indonesian conditions and values, i.e. plurality in religion and social class and general agreement in decision-making. The way the society perceives multiculturalism reflects the greatness of Indonesian people in accepting differences and in practicing democratic system. In addition, this study also found out that this novel also criticizes a long-running problem between the working class and capital owners in Indonesian society.
Narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, dan realisme magis mempunyai satu unsur yang sama yaitu elemen yang tidak rasional atau disebut extraordinary element. Namun demikian unsur ini tidak digunakan dengan cara yang sama dalam ketiga narasi tersebut sehingga membedakan jenis narasinya. Artikel ini akan mengkaji karakteristik narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, dan realisme magis untuk melihat keberadaan extraordinary element di dalamnya serta fungsinya dalam pembentukan plot. Karakteristik ini akan diambil dari studi pustaka sekaligus dari hasil identifikasi beberapa karya sastra yang telah dilegitimasi sebagai teks dengan narasi-narasi tersebut. Artikel ini menunjukkan keberadaan extraordinary element dalam ketiga jenis narasi ditampilkan dengan aturan yang berbeda sehingga sebuah teks bisa dikatakan memakai gaya narasi fantasi, fiksi ilmiah, atau realisme magis. Extraordinary element dalam fantasi merupakan rekaan yang menciptakan dunia sendiri dan aturan yang memakai logikanya sendiri yang berbeda dengan logika dunia non-fiksi. Extraordinary element dalam fiksi ilmiah merupakan rekaan yang tetap harus berbasis aturan logika ilmu pengetahuan dalam dunia non-fiksi. Sedangkan extraordinary element dalam realisme magisberbasis mitos budaya yang diperlakukan sebagai hal biasa dan bukan dirayakan sebagai pusat tontonan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode perbandingan naratologi. Hasil artikel ini diharapkan bisa membantu para akademisi lainnya, terutama mahasiswa, untuk menentukan obyek material yang tepat sesuai teori yang ingin mereka terapkan; misalnya memilih narasi realisme magis untuk studi poskolonial, narasi fantasi dan fiksi ilmiah untuk studi cultural studies.
The ever fascinating part of an anthology is found in its diverse writings, in both the theme and style. That is also true to Rayuan Pohon Beringin (Flirt of banyan tree), an anthology of short stories published by Gadjah Mada University Press. The anthology is a collection of short stories in the Literature and Arts Award I, held for the first time by the Faculty of Cultural Sciences UGM. The title is taken from one of the winners of the short story competition – “Rayuan Pohon Beringin” (Flirt of banyan tree).
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