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University of the West of England, Bristol actions of bank directors in the wake of scandals and failures, 8 an example would be Fred Goodwin, who was stripped of his knighthood, 9 and James Crosby who voluntarily surrendered his. 10 Enforcement measures are considered individually in each part of the chapter, such measures include: financial sanctions, director disqualification and prison sentences; then lesser used measures such as banking licence revocation and the personal liability of directors are considered. These sanctions have been selected as they demonstrate a variety of severity of punishment. The use of each enforcement measure is considered in the UK and in the US providing a running comparison between the two jurisdictions; this format will allow for the succinct comparison from within the two countries approaches at this level and allow for a more comprehensive comparison of their overall approaches. In light of this analysis future recommendations are made in the concluding comments. Bank directors warrant special attention because banks themselves have been described as special; 11 special in that they are "not like other companies." 12 The unique position banks hold is evidenced by the treatment they receive when they fall into difficulty, few industries would be rescued in such a way. This special status arguably saves the directors of banks from the liability they would face under insolvency law, because a big enough bank will be prevented from entering insolvency, as identified by Arsalidou. 13 The combination of high profile banking scandals and the apparent avoidance of liability must be analysed and then reforms should be proposed. The first measure assessed is financial sanctions in part 2; the analysis considers whether financial sanctions are appropriate punishments to impose on banks. The appropriateness of financial sanctions imposed on banks by both UK and US authorities is assessed in terms of the aims of a financial sanction which are to punish, to deter others and, or, to correct the losses caused. Part 2 also discusses the effect of financial sanctions on the directors of a bank; because the bank pays the sanction, not the directors, it is argued that the effect is minimal. Part 3 considers disqualifying individuals as a sanction for wrongdoing. This part of the chapter also assesses the requirements 8 Resignations and the removal of titles have been seen

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