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Microwave-induced thermal acoustic imaging (TAI) is a promising early breast cancer detection technique, which combines the advantages of microwave stimulation and ultrasound imaging and offers a high imaging contrast, as well as high spatial resolution at the same time. A new multifrequency microwave-induced thermal acoustic imaging scheme for early breast cancer detection is proposed in this paper. Significantly more information about the human breast can be gathered using multiple frequency microwave stimulation. A multifrequency adaptive and robust technique (MART) is presented for image formation. Due to its data-adaptive nature, MART can achieve better resolution and better interference rejection capability than its data-independent counterparts, such as the delay-and-sum method. The effectiveness of this procedure is shown by several numerical examples based on 2-D breast models. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the electromagnetic field distribution, the absorbed microwave energy density, and the thermal acoustic field in the breast model.

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used to simulate the electromagnetic wave propagation in biological tissues. The Cole-Cole model is a formulation which can describe many types of biological tissues accurately over a very wide frequency band. However, the implementation of the Cole-Cole model using the FDTD method is difficult because of the fractional order differentiators in the model. In this letter, a new FDTD formulation is presented for the modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive biological tissues with the Cole-Cole model. The -transform is used to represent the frequency dependent dielectric properties. The fractional order differentiators in the Cole-Cole model is approximated by a polynomial. The coefficients of the polynomial are found using a least-squares fitting method. Index Terms-Cole-Cole model, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods, least-squares (LS) fitting method, -transform.

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It is shown that by applying spatial frequency dependent phase compensation in an optical heterodyne process, a variable RF delay line can be synthesized over a prescribed frequency band. Experimental results which demonstrate the performance of the delay line with regard to both maximum delay and resolution over a broad bandwidth are presented. Additionally, a spatially integrated optical system is proposed for control of phased array antennas. The integrated system provides mechanical stability, essentially eliminates the drift problems associated with free-space optical systems, and can provide bighpacking density. The approach uses a class of spatial light modulator known as a deformable mirror device and leads to a steerable arbitrary antenna radiation pattern of the true time delay type.