This literature review presents summary methodological and statistical data on 33 studies in which critical flicker frequency (CFF) thresholds were used to evaluate the effects of acute oral doses of single psychotropic drugs in normal human subjects. In all, 96 drug-dose-study combinations are represented. CFF was found to be altered to a statistically significant degree (P is less than 0.05) in 51 (65%) of the 79 instances in which inferential statistical methods were used to evaluate the results. As expected, stimulants increased CFF while hypnotics decreased it. There is also a discussion of important methodological considerations in the design of psychopharmacological studies employing CFF. While many studies have shown CFF to be sensitive to the effects of psychotropic drugs, there have not always been adequate controls for extraneous factors (especially, set and suggestion, changes in pupillary diameter, and the presence of other commonly used drugs). Finally, consideration is given to the attempts to increase the sensitivity of the CFF test to drug effects.

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The roots and consequences of the isolationism of American psychology are described. American psychologists need to develop a world view of their science and profession. Such consciousness raising would best begin in their undergraduate training. The broadening process should include exposure to research of foreign psychologists through literature, international meetings, travel, and exchange programs, as well as cooperative research opportunities. Suggestions are offered as to how such exposure can be implemented and as to the availability of programs for such implementation.Can we seriously entertain the possibility of growing isolation in the light of the truly international character of our general scientific endeavor? Does not man's quest for understanding his world and himself stem from a common origin of shared needs and curiosities? Are not the objective methods and theories of science truly supranational, perhaps even supracultural?- Murphy & Kovach, 1972, p. 484

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