Objective. This review aimed at figuring out the risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension in stroke. Method. This study systematically analyzed the hypertension risk factors available in the ProQuest, EBSCO, and PubMed databases published between 2010 and December 2019. The risk factors’ pooled odds ratio (POR) included in this research was calculated using both fixed and random-effect models. The meta-data analysis was processed using the Review Manager 5.3 (Rev Man 5.3). Result. Of 1868 articles, seven studies were included in this review searched using specific keywords. Based on the analysis results, there were 7 risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension in stroke: medication nonadherence ( POR = 2.23 [95% CI 1.71-2.89], p = 0.342 ; I 2 = 6.7 % ), use of antihypertensive drugs ( POR = 1.13 [95% CI 1.19-1.59, p = 0.001 ; I 2 = 90.9 % ), stage of hypertension ( POR = 1.14 [95% CI 1.02-1.27], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 97.1 % ), diabetes mellitus ( POR = 0.71 [95% CI 0.52-0.99], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 96.5 % ), atrial fibrillation ( POR = 1.74 [95% CI 1.48-2.04)], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 93.1 % ), triglycerides ( POR = 1.47 [95% CI 1.23-1.75], p = 0.879 ; I 2 = 0 % ), and age ( POR = 1.03 [95% CI 0.89-1.18], p = < 0.001 ; I 2 = 97.5 % ]. There were no bias publications among studies. Medication nonadherence and triglycerides had homogeneous variations, while the others had heterogeneous variations. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence, triglycerides, stage of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and use of antihypertensive drugs significantly affect the uncontrolled hypertension in stroke.

Introduction: The patients suffering from hypertension require treatment to prevent the complications by performing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological hypertension management. This research aims at revealing the difference of sodium intake, physical activities, and psychological problems in patients suffering from hypertension in rural and urban areas. Methods: This descriptive-quantitative research employs a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at Gondokusuman Community Health Center 1 as the representation from the urban areas and Cangkringan Community Health Center as the representation from the rural areas. There were 81 patients from rural areas and 74 from urban areas. Data were collected using a consecutive sampling technique with Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42). The data analysis was conducted using both chi-square test and independent t-test. Results: The result of independent t-test for sodium intake was at p = 0.669 (p > 0.005). The result of analysis using chi-square test for physical activity was at p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The result of analysis using chi-square test for depression level is at p = 0.964 (p > 0.05), anxiety level at p = 0.005 (p < 0.05) and stress level at p = 0.846 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There are some differences in physical activities and anxiety levels in patients suffering from hypertension in rural and urban areas.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Caregivers play a vital role in continuum care for stroke patients. Involvement of caregivers in stroke care was important. With the advancement of information technology and the rapid growth worldwide in cell-phone use and internet connectivity, additional evidence may be needed in the use of mobile applications to support caregivers in stroke care. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aims of this review was to identify existing mobile application designed to support family caregivers of people with stroke disease. METHODOLOGY: A scoping review study framework was carried out in this study, using the EBSCO, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases using search keywords: ‘family caregiver’, ‘mobile health application’,  and ‘recurrent stroke or secondary stroke prevention’. This review examined studies published between January 2011 and December 2020. Of a total of 728 papers found, 9 journals were selected. RESULTS: The results founded three categories and their attendant sub-categories. The categories was caregivers support, involvement caregivers in stroke care, and barriers. The majority of mobile application was used to provide video education for caregivers. Caregivers involved in stroke care including emotional care, nutrition, exercise, and recurrent stroke prevention. Poor connection was the most barrier in using mobile application. CONCLUSION: Mobile application can support caregivers in stroke care. Healthcare providers are expected to utilize mobile applications in helping caregivers in post-stroke care.

Aim This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a four‐item patient health questionnaire as a psychological distress screening tool for patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia. Methods This cross‐cultural adaptation study was applied in five public health‐care centres in Indonesia in August–October 2018 using a four‐item patient health questionnaire. The content, convergent and factorial validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the reliability indicator. Results A total of 147 participants were involved. Content validity resulted in acceptable outcomes (item and scale content validity indexes were 0.95 and 0.75, respectively). Anxiety and depression were associated with total score and psychological distress status (P < 0.001), supporting the convergent validity outcomes. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed two factors, explaining 76.14% of variance (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for anxiety, depression and total score were 0.780, 0.500 and 0.713, respectively. Conclusions The study demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the Indonesian version of a four‐item patient health questionnaire among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is applicable as a screening tool for psychological distress in this population.

ABSTRAKDiabetes merupakan penyakit metabolik yang dapat berpengaruh pada kualitas hidup. Pemerintah Indonesia berupaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup penyandang diabetes melalui Prolanis. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Responden penelitian ini adalah peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta berjumlah 85 orang, diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kualitias hidup adalah Diabetes Quality of Life-Brief Clinical Inventory. Analisis data disajikan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Rerata kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 adalah 3,84 ± 0,51. Angka tersebut relatif mendekati nilai optimal yang menunjukkan kualitas hidup baik. Rerata kualitas hidup berdasarkan karakteristik demografi ditemukan bahwa pada kelompok usia dewasa akhir (≥ 60 tahun), berjenis kelamin laki-laki, pendidikan terakhir SMP, tidak bekerja, berstatus menikah, berpenghasilan 2 juta - 4 juta, lama menyandang diabetes selama <5 tahun, mengikuti Prolanis ≥ 6 bulan, dan tidak memiliki penyakit penyerta menunjukkan kualitas hidup yang lebih baik. Kesimpulan: Kualitas hidup peserta Prolanis diabetes tipe 2 di Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta dalam kategori baik.Kata Kunci: diabetes mellitus, diabetes tipe 2, kualitas hidup, Prolanis Quality of Life Among Prolanis Members of Type 2 Diabetes in Yogyakarta ABSTRACTDiabetes is a metabolic disease that will affect quality of life. Implementing Prolanis is the current effort of the Indonesian government to improve the quality of life for people with diabetes. Objective: The research aimed to determine the quality of life for Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. Method: It was a quantitativedescriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents involved were Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta. We recruited 85 respondents using total sampling technique. Diabetes quality of life-brief clinical inventory assessed quality of life among respondents. The analysis was presented in a distributionfrequency table. Results: The average quality of life of Prolanis type 2 diabetes participants was 3.84 ± 0.51, relatively closed with the optimal number, which indicated good quality of life. The average quality of life based on the demographic characteristics revealed the age group of late adult, male, junior high school alumnae, unemployed person, marriage, income 2 - 4 million, having diabetes for <5 years, following Prolanis ≥ 6 months, and no comorbidity indicated good category of quality of life. Conclusion: Prolanis members of type 2 diabetes in Puskesmas Depok Sleman Yogyakarta have good category of quality of life.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Prolanis, quality of life, type 2 diabetes