No abstract

Phytochemical studies performed on 4 Indonesian epiphytic medicinal plants, Drynaria rigidula L., Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, Usnea misaminensis (Vain) Motyka, and Calymperes schmidtii Broth., revealed 11 known secondary metabolites (1-11), reported from these species for the first time. The methanol extracts and their fractions were screened against infective agents and cancer cells. The dichloromethane fractions of H. formicarum, U. misaminensis, and C. schmidtii showed activity against lung cancer cells with IC 50 values of 35, 11, and 20 µg/mL, respectively.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Marchantia as an alternative additive in broiler’s chicken feed. The research was designed by using 5 treatment groups with 20 day-old chick broilers in each group and the treatment was done until the sample aged 14 days. The treatment groups consisted of basal feed and ethanolic extract of Marchantia in 0; 62.5; 250; 500; 1000 mg/kg basal feed. Data were analyzed by using one way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test with significance P<0.05. The results showed that at 14 days old of the sample, the weight gain of the broilers in the treatment group 1, 2, 3, and 4 were higher than the control group; Feed Conversion Ratio of treatment group 4 was better than the control group and other treatments; the small intestine morphology of villus heights, crypt depth, and villus/crypt ratio showed that the treatment group 3 and 4 were better than the control group; the pectoralis muscle’s weight, muscle’s area, and myofiber’s area showed that the treatment group 1 and 3 were better than the control group. The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of Marchantia spp. with concentration of 750-1000 mg/kg basal feed has effective ability as an alternative additive in broiler’s chicken feed.

Bryophyte grows on various substrates, one of which is rock. Plaosan Temple is composed of andesite stone which has the potential to experience weathering caused by bryophyte. This research aims to determine the diversity of bryophyte, types and classifications of bryophyte, and to determine the bryophyte which are widely and evenly distributed in the rocks of Plaosan Temple, Central Java. Bryophytes samples were collected using the dry herbarium technique and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadrat method of 15 x 15 cm plots which were randomly distributed in 52 plots. The environmental parameters measured were air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index. The results obtained 11 types of bryophytes grouped into two classes, namely Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida, including Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng., Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn., Fissidens atroviridis Besch., Fissidens virens Thwait. & Mitt., Fissidens zollingeri Mont., Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeg., Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., and Riccia hasskarliana Steph. Bryophyte that is widely and evenly distributed is Barbula indica. Keywords: bryophyte; diversity; andesite; Plaosan temple

Semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg.) Matsum & Nakai) merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang termasuk dalam familia Cucurbitaceae. Buah ini memiliki keunggulan dalam hal efisiensi selama penanaman dan  produktivitas buah yang dihasilkan. Desa Depokrejo, Ngombol, Purworejo, Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu wilayah sentra budidaya semangka yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Saat ini masyarakat Desa Depokrejo masih bergantung terhadap produk benih impor dengan harga yang cukup mahal. Salah satu upaya untuk menekan biaya produksi akibat pembelian benih yaitu melalui penerapan pemuliaan tanaman dengan teknik kastrasi dan polinasi. Program ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi mengenai teknik kastrasi dan polinasi semangka kepada masyarakat untuk medorong lahirnya benih lokal yang berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan mengenai teknik budidaya semangka, pelatihan teknik kastrasi, dan polinasi pada semangka serta pendampingan berkala selama pemeliharaan buah dan pemanenan. Hasil dari porgram ini adalah kelompok tani Desa Depokrejo secara umum telah memahami teknik budidaya semangka mulai dari persiapan media tanam, penanaman, perawatan hingga penanganan terhadap kondisi tanaman yang kurang baik. Saat ini masyarakat Desa Depokrejo telah mampu menghasilkan benih semangka Citra Jingga hasil kastrasi dan polinasi sebagai produk benih semangka baru yang dapat dipasarkan di industri pertanian.