This article is the result of research with the aim of analyzing and examining the principles in the implementation of the National Social Security System by BPJS Kesehatan in Jambi City. Then it aims to study and analyze the problems and efforts to overcome the problems. The research carried out is a type of empirical research, which concentrates on the main data from the field. The sampling method is through the 'accidental sampling' technique. The result of the research states that the humanitarian principle and the principle of benefit have mostly been implemented in BPJS services at the Hospital in Jambi City. Only the principle of social justice for all Indonesian people is still obscured and its implementation has not yet been seen in the implementation of health services by BPJS at Jambi City Hospital. Furthermore, there are still problems in the implementation of the BPJS in Jambi City, namely some of the losses in the implementation of the National Health Insurance, the unfairness of claims by participants in certain groups, unequal facilities and health workers in Hospitals.

This study aims to find out and analyze how legal protection is for consumers who use illegal Covid-19 preventive medical devices in Jambi City and how to resolve legal protections for consumers who use illegal Covid-19 preventive medical devices in Jambi City. This type of research is an empirical juridical research that aims to determine the extent to which the law works in society. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of consumer protection for users of illegal Covid-19 preventive medical devices in Jambi City has not been carried out optimally. This is due to the fact that the rights of consumers who use illegal Covid-19 preventive medical devices have not been fulfilled to obtain compensation and there are still business actors who refuse to provide compensation to consumers, this is contrary to Article 19 of the Consumer Protection Act. It was concluded that the right to compensation for consumers who use illegal Covid-19 preventive medical devices in Jambi City has not been fulfilled, so that legal protection for consumers has not been implemented properly.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen pengguna alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal di Kota Jambi dan bagaimana upaya penyelesaian perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen pengguna alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal di Kota Jambi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bekerjanya hukum dalam masyarakat. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan perlindungan konsumen pengguna alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal di Kota Jambi belum terlaksana dengan optimal. Hal ini disebabkan masih belum terpenuhinya hak konsumen pengguna alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal untuk mendapatkan ganti rugi dan masih adanya pelaku usaha yang menolak memberikan ganti rugi kepada konsumen, ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 19 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Disimpulkan bahwa belum terpenuhinya hak ganti rugi konsumen pengguna alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal di Kota Jambi maka perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen belum terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya.   Kata kunci: Perlindungan hukum konsumen; Alat kesehatan pencegah Covid-19 ilegal

Disputes that arise in the community can disrupt the public order. For this reason, efforts are needed so that’s every dispute can be resolved so that the balance in the community order can be restored. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the existence of customary institutions in resolving disputes and also to find out what processes or steps are taken by traditional institutions in resolving disputes. This research was conducted in Jambi. This type of researsh is sociological juridical. Data collection was conducted through interviews, data were analyzed by qualitative analysis and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the existence of the Jambi Malay Customary Institution in the settlement of indigenous peoples' customary law disputes still exists and still continues today. The existence of the Jambi Malay Customary Institution can be seen from its arrangement in the Jambi Province Regional Regulation (PERDA) Number 5 of 2014 concerning the Jambi Malay Customary Institution. The dispute resolution prosses are carried out in several stages, namely: the stage of summoning the parties, the stage of summoning the witness, the stage of the deliberation process and closing. After going through the deliberation process, the mediator will provide a decision / solution that if accepted by the parties will be made in the form of an agreement. But if the parties cannot accept it, the mediator gives input to proceed to the court's formal path. Jambi Province's Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2014 concerning Jambi Malay Customary Institutions can continue to be socialized and Jambi LAM is expected to be increasingly active in carrying out its duties and functions so that Jambi traditional law can be enforced in community life.

Salah satu prinsip hukum perjanjian di Indonesia, yang diatur dalam Pasal 1266 dan 1267 KUH Perdata, adalah larangan pembatalan sepihak atas perjanjian timbal balik, di mana setiap pembatalan isi perjanjian harus dilakukan di hadapan hakim. Di sisi lain, KUHPerdata juga mengakui keberadaan prinsip kebebasan berkontrak dalam suatu perjanjian. Keberadaan dua prinsip hukum di tingkat implementasi perjanjian menerima interpretasi yang berbeda dari masing-masing pihak, yang menciptakan kecenderungan untuk terjadi tuntutan hukum kepada mereka yang merasa dirugikan. Keberadaan dua putusan Mahkamah Agung yang memberikan interpretasi berbeda tentang prinsip kebebasan kontrak menunjukkan ambiguitas pemahaman prinsip kebebasan kontrak dalam relevansinya dengan larangan pembatalan sepihak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab masalah hukum terhadap interpretasi standar prinsip kebebasan kontrak sehingga prinsip pelarangan pembatalan masih berlaku. Sebagai studi doktrinal atau normatif, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan statuta, konseptual, dan kasus berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang memiliki "incrach" (memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap), dan analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk membentuk jawaban dalam bentuk kualitatif. Hasil penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa pembatalan unilateral Pasal 1266 dan 1267 KUHPerdata telah jelas dan eksplisit dan tidak memerlukan interpretasi. Dengan demikian, yang dibutuhkan adalah pemahaman yang jelas dan jelas tentang konsep prinsip kebebasan kontrak dalam bentuk norma hukum, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kepastian hukum kepada pihak-pihak yang terikat perjanjian.

Land is a vital component of human life and has economic worth. According to a Javanese adage, "sedhunuk bathuk senyarii bumi" signifies that one inch of land will be preserved even at the cost of one's life. The lack of legal protection for indigenous people's land has resulted in a plethora of land conflicts with parties with legal standing. Indigenous people have had a difficult time protecting their land against parties with legal protection due to the lack of formal and legitimate land ownership proof. Formal and authentic evidence of property ownership is critical in preventing land dispute. Indigenous peoples must register their lands in order to obtain authentic and formal evidence of their ownership. The purpose of this research is to determine the urgency of registering customary lands, as well as the primary cause for registering the communal lands. Additionally, this study will investigate the procedure of registering customary lands. This research included empirical methodologies, which included data collection, data processing, and data analysis. The outcome will be presented in a systematic and objective manner to assist in the resolution of a problem or the testing of a hypothesis. Land tenure, land registration, and land rights are all terms that refer to customary land.