No abstract

The research aims to study the agronomic characteristics and production of shallots on three different varieties. The study used a Randomized Block Design using 3 varieties, Lansuna, Bima Brebes, and Trisula, with 5 replications. Fertilization based on the recommendations of the Vegetable Research Institute is manure 5 t ha-1, Ponska 600 kg ha-1, KCl 150 t ha-1, and Fertifos 100 kg ha-1. Fertilization is done 4 times, first when planting, and when the plant is 15, 30, and 45 days after planting. Parameters in the form of plant height, number of leaves, number of seeds, the diameter of tubers, weight of fresh and dried tubers. Data analysis using ANOVA and Duncan’s Smallest Real difference test by 5%. The results showed that the height of the plant and the number of leaves of the Bima Brebes variety differed markedly with the varieties Trisula and Lansuna varieties. At the same time, the number of seeds indicates that Trisula differs markedly from Bima Brebes and Lansuna. The diameter of tubers shows Lansuna is significantly different from the Bima Brebes and Trisula. At the same time, the fresh weight and dry weight of Bima Brebes are significantly different from Lansuna and Trisula.

An experiment to observe the influence of compost by ricestraw in potato production has been conducted in North Sulawesi from April to October 2015. Therefore this research was conducted with the objectives: (1) to find out the effects of rice straw-based compost compared to manure on potato production; and (2) to ensure the use of compost without inorganic fertilizer in the potato-based farming system as a basis of organic farming system in the production center of potato in Western Indonesia. The treatments were designed into CRBD proceeded to the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD test). Six treatments were applied, A=Compost 20 t.ha-1 plus inorganic fertilizer; B= Manure 20 t.ha-1 plus inorganic fertilizer; C= Compost 20 t.ha-1 without inorganic fertilizer; D= Compost 12 t.ha-1 plus inorganic fertilizer E= Compost 12 t.ha-1 without inorganic fertilizer and F= Manure 5 t.ha-1 plus inorganic fertilizer. Parameters tested show that the treatments of compost have advantages compared with the manure treatment. This related to the nutrients composition of straw rich especially potassium. Treatment A (Compost 20 t.ha-1 + inorganic fertilizers) is not significantly different from treatment C compost 20 t.ha-1 without inorganic fertilizers) in almost parameters except tuber weight of Grade #1 (industry purposes), describing the potency of the organic agricultural system of potato by using compost rice straw based. However, the organic agricultural system economically could be applied by the farmer as well as ease to get the materials. It also provides sustainable agricultural practices in the production center of a potato.

Climate change that occurs requires secondary irrigation, to meet water needs by plants from existing water sources (springs, or existing irrigation. This study aims to see the effect of irrigation on increasing the production of shallot bulbs of the Lansuna variety. The study was conducted in the dry season of 2017 in Minahasa Regency. The layout of the experiment used a Randomized Block Design 2 treatment with 5 replications per plot measuring 4m x 4m. Pressurized watering was carried out per day for 4 hours with watering intervals every 3 days. For comparison, the existing technology only depends on the rainfall that occurs. randomized so that there are 250 clumps to be analyzed. This can also be seen in the existing 0.5 ha technology. Observation parameters include the weight of stover at harvest, the average number of tubers per plant, and tuber yield of tons/ha. Data were analyzed using the T-test The results of the analysis showed that the weight of shallots at harvest was 3.4g heavier and real eda by way of farmers (1.48g). The number of tubers per plant was not affected by irrigation techniques, but the weight of the shallot bulbs increased by 48.9% and the yield per ha increased by 48.40% from the rainfall that occurred during the study.

<p>Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient that has an important role in various physiological and photosynthetic processes of plants. However the important role of Zn has not yet been concidered. This paper discussed the source of Zn and its availability in the soil, the important role of Zn in plants and strategies to overcome Zn deficiency in the soil. Zn has an important role in increasing crop production and yield quality. Zn nutrients in soil derived from parent material with an average content of 78 mg/kg. The low Zn level in the soil causes stunted plant and low crop yields. Zinc deficiency in plants resulted leaf chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, stunted plants, deformed and stunted leaves. Zn deficiency in soil can cause yield loss up to 40% without the appearance of leaf symptoms. Plants absorb Zn in the form of Zn2+. Soils in Indonesia have low Zn content so that production and quality of crops are low. Zn plays an important role in plant growth, gene expression, enzyme structure, photosynthesis, pollen development, sugar transformation, protein synthesis, membrane permeability, signal transduction and auxin metabolism, and increasing maturation of seeds and stems. The critical limit of soil Zn for most plants ranges from 0.5-2.0 mg Zn/kg for DTPA extractant, while the critical limit in plant tissue is 20 mg Zn/kg. The management of Zn nutrients needs to be considered, although it is needed only in small amounts. Without Zn nutrient management, its concentration in soil will continuously decreased. Management strategies in overcoming low Zn availability in plants are application of fertilizer containing Zn and the use of varieties that have high Zn content. The application of ZnSO4 of 60 kg/ha can increased the yield of grain, straw, number of tillers, plant height and weight of 1000 grains in rice plants. The treatment of soaking rice seeds in a solution of 0.05% ZnSO4 for ± 5 minutes + 100 kg TSP/ha was the best treatment giving the highest grain weight in Grumusol and Alluvial.</p><p>Keywords: Micronutrients Zn, deficiency, management</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abtrak</strong></p><p>Hara mikro Zn memiliki peranan penting dalam berbagai proses fisiologis dan fotosintesis untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman, namun belum mendapatkan perhatian. Naskah ini membahas sumber Zn dan ketersediannnya pada tanah, peranan penting hara Zn pada tanaman, dan strategi mengatasi kekurangan Zn dalam tanah. Hara Zn dalam tanah berasal dari batuan bahan induk tanah dengan kandungan rata-rata 78 mg/kg. Kadar Zn yang rendah di tanah menyebabkan pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat dan hasil rendah. Kekurangan Zn pada tanaman menyebabkan klorosis dan bintik-bintik nekrotik pada daun, pertumbuhan kerdil, dan daun cacat. Pada tanah yang kekurangan Zn, tanaman dapat mengalami kehilangan hasil hingga 40% tanpa gejala pada daun. Tanaman menyerap Zn dalam bentuk Zn2+. Tanah di Indonesia memiliki kandungan Zn yang rendah sehingga produksi dan kualitas tanaman rendah. Zn berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman, ekspresi gen, struktur enzim, fotosintesis, perkembangan polen, transformasi gula, sintesis protein, permeabilitas membran, transduksi sinyal, metabolisme auksin, pematangan biji dan batang. Batas kritis Zn dalam tanah untuk sebagian besar tanaman berkisar antara 0,5-2,0 mg Zn/kg untuk pengekstrak DTPA, sedangkan batas kritis pada jaringan tanaman 20 mg Zn/kg. Meskipun diperlukan tanaman dalam jumlah yang kecil, hara Zn perlu dikelola dengan baik. Strategi pengelolaan hara Zn agar selalu tersedia di tanah adalah melalui pemupukan dan penggunaan varietas yang mengandung Zn tinggi. Pemberian ZnSO4 60 kg/ha dapat meningkatkan hasil gabah, jerami, jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, dan bobot 1.000 butir tanaman padi. Perlakuan perendaman bibit padi dalam larutan 0,05% ZnSO4 selama ± 5 menit + 100 kg TSP/ ha memberikan bobot gabah tertinggi pada Grumusol dan Aluvial.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hara mikro Zn, defisiensi, pengelolaan</p>