Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that includes different types of molecules that participate in cellular and organic responses, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF are associated to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases and local or systemic autoimmune diseases. Objective: To know the prevalence of TNFα (G238A and G308A) and LTα (A252G) polymorphisms in a population of Mexican women with pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study of 184 Mexican women, with the aim of evaluating the presence of TNFa (G238A and G308A) and LTa A252G polymorphism; 3 groups were formed: 1) TNFa G238A, 2) TNFa G308A and 3) LTa A252G and each group was separated by homozygous and heterozygous mutation. Results: It was found an increase in prevalence in TNFa, G238A compared with TNFa G308A and LTa A252G (31.9 vs 25.4 and 26.5%). The heterozygous form was higher in prevalence compared with the homozygous. In 50.3% no mutations of TNFa G238A, TNFa G308A and LTa A252G were found; the number of patients that only presented one polymorphism was 23.2%, with 2 polymorphisms represent 21%, and presented 3 polymorphisms (5.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of TNFa G238A, TNFa G308A and LTa A252G polymorphisms in Mexican population could be high. Said polymorphisms are associated to almost 50% of cases of women with pregnancy loss in this study; and patients with more than one polymorphism are susceptible to complications such as pregnancy loss.

Background Women play an important role in the work setting. This leads them to put off their motherhood, sometimes preventing them from getting pregnant. Delaying pregnancy face women with low ovarian response, such as in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) or Ovarian Aging (OA). There is no current treatment, although there is evidence of improving ovarian function by inyecting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Materials and Methods Prospective, observational study of 17 women who attended Pronatal Clinic from 2019 to 2020. Each patient was registered in Assisted Reproductive Treatment (ART) and was enrolled in ovarian treatment with an autologous adipose tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AD-MSCs) protocol. Three groups were assembled: 1) Control: AMH >1.2 ng/mL, without AD-MSCs, 2) POI/OA: female infertility due to POI/OA with AMH <1.2 ng/mL and 3) Amenorrhea: female infertility due to POI/OA with amenorrhea and AMH <1.2 ng/mL. Variables: Age, weight, height, serum AMH, endometrial thickness, follicular size and number on day 2 and 11 of the menstrual cycle, oocyte number, number of blastocysts and pregnancy rate. Results Between month 2 and 5, after AD-MSCs inyection, POI/OA group showed an increase in follicle number (2 to 9) and size (13.5 to 15.5 mm) on day 11 of the menstrual cycle, which resulted in a higher number of MII oocytes (2.6 to 4.2), and an increase in number of blastocysts (0 to 3) and endometrial thickness (8.6 to 9.4). Regarding the Amenorrhea group, a reboot in menstrual cycle was observed, although no further development of blastocyst was found. Conclusion The AD-MSCs inyection directly in the ovary allowed an increase in number of blastocysts and improved pregnancy rates in POI/OA patients.

Background: Childbirth is a physiological event for the expulsion of the fetus. It has a low maternal morbidity or mortality, does not present problems in subsequent pregnancies and it has a lower risk of fetal death and neonatal morbidity. Despite this, there are circumstances where cesarean section is the best option. Objective: To determine the prevalence of delivery and cesarean section, and identify whether maternal age is an influencing factor when choosing the route of birth. Methods: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, carried out in Mexican women in private institutions during the period from 2015 to 2019. Inclusion criteria: women who attended the private hospital and had a medical history including maternal age, gestational age, number of deliveries and cesarean sections (emergency and elective) were included. Exclusion criteria were twin pregnancies and preterm births. Three age study groups were formed for deliveries and caesarean section A) 18 to 29years of age, B) 30 to 39 years of age and C) 40 to 45years of age and differences between deliveries and caesarean sections were compared. The SPSS Statistics package, version 25, was used; Descriptive statistics were performed including mean (±) standard deviation or percentage and comparison of groups by Chi-squared test. Results: The decrease in childbirth is directly proportional to the increase in maternal age, with a higher prevalence of childbirth in women between 18 and 29years of age (Group A=60.79%) and a higher prevalence of cesarean delivery in women between 40 and 45years of age, age (Group C=48.19%). A statistically significant difference was found only in Groups A vs B, when comparing the prevalence of deliveries (60.79 vs 51.81%, p=0.05) and cesarean sections (29.21 vs 48.19%, p=0.05). Conclusions: physiological delivery is preferred in our private institution; although, complications during pregnancy and childbirth associated with maternal ageing influence the higher rate of cesarean section.

Background: Recurrent gestational loss (RPL) is defined by the ESHRE as the loss of 2 or more consecutive pregnancies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of Factor V Leiden (FVL, G1691A), prothrombin G20210A (PRT, G20210A), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase G677A (MTHFR C677AT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (4G/5G) (PAI-1, 4G/5G); with recurrent gestational loss and perinatal data of Mexican women. Material and method: Retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, which includes 277 pregnancies of 95 women and three groups were formed: 1) Control: deliveries of patients without pregnancy loss, without problems during the development of pregnancy and with a study of hereditary thrombophilias, 2) idiopathic fetal death : Deliveries of patients with idiopathic gestational loss (=1) and with study of thrombophilias, and 3) recurrent pregnancy loss. Deliveries of patients with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and with study of hereditary thrombophilias; patient data was collected; age, weight and height, newborn data, weeks of gestation, weight and height, which are reported with mean ± standard error and analyzed with the student's t test, and thrombophilias, cesarean sections, deliveries and spontaneous abortions are reported in percentages and analyzed with chi2, in both cases the SPSS version 25 statistical package was used. Results: Of the 95 women included there were no significant differences in age, weight and height in the different rates of each group; one of the thrombophilias to be evaluated in the different populations, it was observed that FVL-G1691A only occurs in recurrent pregnancy loss (15.4%); the translation of homozygous and heterozygous, it was observed that FVL-G1691A only appeared in recurrent pregnancy loss, perinatal data showed a decrease in the weeks of gestation in newborns of mothers with recurrent pregnancy loss, with a decrease in weight and size. Conclusions: the presence of inherited maternal thrombophilias increases the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss, premature birth, and decreased weight and height at birth.