Karyological characteristics, i.e., diploid number, chromosome morphology and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), biochemical characteristics, i.e., electrophoretic analysis of blood hemoglobin and the tissue enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and physiological characteristics, i.e., relative concentration of hemoglobin and intraerythrocytic concentrations of organic phosphates were analyzed for the species Callophysus macropterus collected from Marchantaria Island (white water system -Solimões River) and Anavilhanas Archipelago (black water system -Negro River). Karyological and biochemical data did not reveal significant differences between specimens collected at the two sites. However, the relative distribution of hemoglobin bands I and III (I = 16.33 ± 1.05 and III = 37.20 ± 1.32 for Marchantaria specimens and I = 6.33 ± 1.32 and III = 48.05 ± 1.55 for Anavilhanas specimens) and levels of intraerythrocytic GTP (1.32 ± 0.16 and 2.76 ± 0.18 for Marchantaria and Anavilhanas specimens, respectively), but not ATP or total phosphate, were significantly different, indicating a physiological adaptation to the environmental conditions of these habitats.

A partir del análisis del comportamiento histórico (1980 a 2011) de las tallas de captura y tallas de madurez de hembras y machos de Prochilodus mariae, se pretendió establecer si sobre la población de la parte alta del río Meta, se presentaba algún tipo de afectación evidenciable en las tallas medias de captura anual (TMCA) y tallas de madurez (TMG). La información fue colectada mediante muestreos a los desembarcos en Puerto López, Meta. Cada ejemplar fue medido, pesado y sexado y a partir de 13444 registros, se estimaron la TMCA y las tallas de captura mensuales (TMCM); estos estimativos se compararon entre años; se hicieron análisis de correlación con los niveles del río Metica y las anomalías ENSO. Se estimó la TMG al 25%, 50% y 75% por año. El rango de las tallas de captura comercial de P. marie fue de 14 a 45 cm longitud estándar (LE), con diferencia entre machos y hembras. La mayor TMCA de hembras (32,6 cm LE) y machos (32 cm LE) se presentó en el año 1980, en los años siguientes este parámetro oscilo entre 30 y 26,4 cm LE en hembras y entre 26 y 29 cm LE en machos. En el ciclo anual las mayores TMCM de hembras se presentaron de abril a junio y de machos en mayo y junio. La TMGL50 de hembras, fue significativamente mayor en el año 1980 (33,5 cm LE), en los años siguientes osciló entre 27,1 y 31,8 cm LE en hembras; en machos durante todo el periodo de estudio vario entre 25,8 y 29,5 cm LE. La población de P. marie bajo presión de pesca en la zona de estudio, no se encuentra afectada por sobrepesca al crecimiento ni al reclutamiento.

A new species of Pimelodella is described from western Andean tributaries of the Orinoco River basin. The new species differs from all congeners by a unique set of characters that includes long maxillary barbel, surpassing the dorsal lobe of the caudal fin; relatively short adipose fin (32.8–36.4 of SL); 40–42 total vertebrae; posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine with 12–18 retrorse dentations along basal two thirds; laterosensory canal foramina of dentary and preopercle large and externally conspicuous; a brown faint and narrow midlateral stripe extending from the pseudotympanum, fading posteriorly along the caudal peduncle, and ending as a spot at the caudal-fin base; and dorsal-fin base darkly pigmented, from spinelet to posteriormost interradial membrane. Taxonomic status of P. pallida and presence of P. cruxenti in Colombia are also discussed. 

Objetive. To determine the effect of fishing on capture size of both male and female Zungaro zungaro catfish, historical records of size and spatial distribution of the species were analyzed from the Orinoco Basin in Colombian. Materials and methods. Information was collected by sampling fishing port landings in the region between 1979 and 2011. Each specimen was measured, weighed and sexed. With 5411 records, the average size at capture were compared in time and among the different ports. Size at 50% maturity was estimated by quinquennium. Results. The average commercial capture sizes of Z. zungaro ranged from 35 to 161 cm standard length, with differences between males and females. From 1979 to 2011, in Puerto Lopez, the size at sexual maturity decreased from 123.8 to 83.4 cm in females and from 93.3 to 61 in males. In the annual cycle the greater average capture size in females was from April to July and for males from May to June. Average annual length is higher in the higher parts of the Meta and Guaviare river drainages. In the last quinquennium the size at 50% maturity had fallen 10 cm in females and 5 cm in males and it is higher than the average capture size. Conclusions. Populations of Z. zungaro in the Colombian Orinoco River Basin have been affected by overfishing and selective fishing of females.

Titulo en ingles:  Fisheries aspects and reproductive biology of Hemiancistrus guahiborum, in a scree in the Bita river, Puerto Carreño - ColombiaTitulo en portugues:  Aspectos pesqueiros e biologia reproductiva de Hemiancistrus guahiborum, num pedregal do rio Bita, Puerto Carreño - ColombiaResumen: En el pedregal El Alizal del río Bita en Puerto Carreño, Vichada, se estudio la pesquería y la biología reproductiva de la especie Hemiancistrus guahiborum Para lo cual se definió la unidad económica de pesca (UEP) y se calcularon los parámetros de esfuerzo y captura Igualmente se estimó la densidad de peces en el pedregal y su patrón de distribución mediante el método de la cuadrícula A partir de la determinación del sexo y estado de madurez gonadal de ejemplares capturados mensualmente, se estableció la época de reproducción y se estimaron el factor de condición total (K) y el factor de condición somático (K’), el índice gonadosomático, la fecundidad absoluta (F) y relativa a peso y la talla media de maduración sexual (L50%) La UEP la constituye un pescador y su careta, con capturas por unidad de esfuerzo de 28 ±18 ejemplares por faena, en faenas de 52 ± 20 min La densidad media fue de 0 06 ejemplares / m2, con una relación varianza / media de 8 86 En todos los meses muestreados se observaron ejemplares maduros y no se presentó variación significativa de los factores de condición K y K’, ni del índice gonadosomático entre meses La F se estableció en 48 ± 19 ovocitos y la fecundidad relativa en5 3 ± 0 3 ovocitos/g La talla L50% de madurez se estimo en 6 4 cm de Longitud Estándar para hembras y en 7 5 cm para machos Se observó cuidado parental del macho Como estrategias de manejo se propone: mantener el período de veda actual, establecer la talla de captura en 6 cm de Longitud Estándar, prohibir el comercio de hembras ovadas, establecer áreas de cría dentro de los pedregales, rotar la pesca de los pedregales e incentivar los procesos de cría en cautiverio de la especie.Palabras clave: cucha roja, densidad, factor de condición, fecundidad, talla media de madurez, unidad económica de pescaAbstract:  In the scree El Alizal of the Bita river, Puerto Carreño, Vichada, was studied fisherie and reproductive biology of the species Hemiancistrus guahiborum The fisheries economic unit (FEU) and the parameters of effort and fishing were calculated Likewise, the fish density in the scree and its distribution pattern were determined using the grid method By observing the gender and gonadal mature status of monthly caught samples, the breeding season was determined and the total condition factor (K) and the somatic condition factor (K’), the gonadosomatic index, the absolute fecundity (F) and relative fecundity at weight and the mean size of sexual maturity (L50%) were calculated The FEU was composed by a fisherman and its mask, who using lung freediving, captured 28 ± 18 individuals / fishing,in fishing tasks that lasted 52 ± 20 min The mean density in the scree river was 0 06 individuals /m2 with a relation variance /mean of 8 86 Mature individuals were observed in all sampled months Not significant variation in the condition factor (K and K’) either gonadosomatic index between months was observed The F was established in 48 ± 19 oocytes and the relative fecundity was 5 3 ± 0 3 oocytes / g The maturity size L50% was determined in 6 4 cm and 7 5 cm standard length for females and males, respectively Parental care in nest was observed in the males As management strategies are suggested the follows: keep the period of current fishing ban, establish the fishing size in 6 cm SL, ban the trade of mature females, establish breeding areas in the scree rotate the fishing in the scree river and stimulate the captive breeding of the species.Keywords: condition factor,density, fecundity,fishing economic unit, mean size of maturity, red cuchaResumo:  No calhaus El Alizal do rio Bita em Puerto Carreño, Vichada, foi estudada a pescaria e biología reprodutiva da espécie Hemiancistrus guahiborum Assim, definiou-se a unidade econômica da pesca (UEP) e foram calculados os parâmetros de esforço e captura Também estimou-se a densidade de peixes e seu padrão de distribuição pelo método de quadrícula Com base na determinação do sexo e estádio de maturação gonadal dos peixes capturados mensalmente, estabeleceu-se a época de reprodução e foi estimado o fator de condição total (K) e fator de condição somáticas (K ‘), o índice gonados somático, a fecundidade absoluta (F) e relativa ao peso e tamanho médio de maturação sexual (L50%) A UEP é constituida por um pescador e sua máscara de mergulho, com captura por unidade de esforço de 28 ± 18 exemplares em periodos de 52 ± 20 min A densidade média foi de 0,06 exemplares / m2, com uma proporção variançã /média de 8 86 Em todos os meses de amostragem foram observados adultos maturos e não mostraram variação significativa dos factores de condições K e K ‘, nim do índice gonadossomático entre os meses A F foi de 48 ± 19 ovócitos e a fecundidade relativa em 5 3 ± 0 3 ovócitos / g O tamaño medio de maduração L50% foi estimada em 6 4 cm de comprimento padrão para as femias e 7 cm para os machos Foi observado cuidado parental dos machos Como estratégia de manejo pesqueiro é proposto: manter o período de proibição atual, estabelecer o tamanho de captura de 6 centímetros de comprimento padrão, proibir o comercio de fêmeas ovadas, estabelecer áreas de reprodução dentro dos calhaus, rotar a pesca dos calhaus e começar processos de reprodução em cativeiro da espéciePalavras chaves:cascudo vermelho, comprimento médio de maduração, densidade, fator de condição, fecundidade, unidade econômica de pesca