BACKGROUND: Fruit and vegetable consumption among preschool children in Indonesia is lower than recommendations, which may be due to types of food availability at home and unhealthy feeding practices such as restriction and parent pressure. Providing nutrition education through booklets and counseling on healthy food (fruit and vegetable) consumption can help to provide information to parent’s thus resulting healthy behavior, compared to merely providing booklets without counseling. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nutrition education using booklets with counseling versus without counseling on home food availability and parent feeding practices in preschool children. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Sampling methods included both purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select Danurejan district as the sub-district with the highest obesity percentage in Yogyakarta Municipality. Meanwhile, simple random sampling was applied to select children and schools (Early Childhood Education Program Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini [PAUD] or kindergartens Taman Kanak-kanak [TK]). There were 56 people (28 intervention and 28 controls) taken from 4 PAUD/TK. The intervention group received nutrition education using booklets as well as one 30–60 min counseling session carried out at the participant’s home. The control group was provided with booklets, but did not receive counseling. The pre-test was carried out before nutrition education was given, and the post-test was conducted 30 days after the nutrition education. Fruit and vegetable availability at home were assessed using questionnaire, and parent feeding practices were assessed using the Comprehensive Food Feeding Questionnaire. The statistical tests used to assess outcomes between groups included pair t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, and independent t-test. RESULTS: There were increase in healthy eating guidance and monitoring before and after nutrition education was provided in the intervention group (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), but no differences were found in restriction, child control, and parent pressure (p = 0.11, p = 0.48, p = 0.28; p ≥ 0.05). There was a decrease in child control behavior before and after nutrition education in the control group (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), but there were no differences in healthy eating guidance, monitoring, restriction, and parent pressure (p = 0.17, p = 0.18, p = 0.53, 0.62; p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that using counseling in addition to nutrition education booklets can increase mother’s implementation use of healthy eating guidance and monitoring, with the potential to promote healthy weight within families.

Masalah gizi balita di Indonesia saat ini yaitu gizi kurang dan lebih. Guru dan sekolah dapat berperan dalam memantau pertumbuhan anak prasekolah melalui pengukuran antropometri secara berkala pada anak dini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan perkembangan siswa-siswi. Namun guru PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan pengukuran status gizi sehingga perlu dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mencegah malnutrisi (gizi kurang dan lebih) pada anak prasekolah melalui pelatihan pengukuran status gizi pada guru PAUD. Metode kegiatan yaitu pelatihan  meliputi cara mengukur tinggi badan dan berat badan serta menilai status gizi, yang dilaksakan selama 2 hari (9-10 Juni 2021) pada 7 orang di TK Negeri 1 Pajangan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Alat yang digunakan yaitu timbangan digital, microtoise dan buku standar antropometri. Evaluasi pelatihan dengan menghitung skor keterampilan pengukuran tinggi badan dan penimbangan berat badan, serta menghitung reliabilitas inter-rater (guru) dalam pengukuran tinggi badan. Uji statistik reliabilitas inter-rater menggunakan Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) dan ANOVA. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan keterampilan mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan  yaitu sangat baik  dengan rerata skor sebesar 95,4%, dan reliabilitas inter-rater (guru) dalam pengukuran tinggi badan sebesar 0,61 yang artinya cukup konsisten serta tidak ada perbedaan antar guru dalam mengukur tinggi badan subyek (p >0,05). Guru PAUD terlatih perlu terus diberdayakan dalam kegiatan rutin pengukuran antropometri di lingkungan sekolah dalam upaya pencegahan malnutrisi pada anak prasekolah. Kata kunci: Anak prasekolah, antropometri, berat badan, status gizi, tinggi badan.

Background: Lactation problems often occur in the early postnatal period. One of them is the readiness of the mother in early breastfeeding.  Early breastfeeding is one of the effective efforts in providing nutrition for newborns and preventing lactation problems. In 2019, in Indonesia, the percentage of newborns who received early breastfeeding was 75.58%. The success rate of this is closely related to lactation readiness in early postpartum. To support the success of lactation, postpartum mothers need to be given education on methods to stimulate milk production at the beginning of the puerperium with oxytocin massage. Good breast milk production will support the nutritional adequacy of the baby and reduce lactation problems in the early postpartum period.  Objectives: the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oxytocin massage on lactation problems and infant growth.  Methods: This study was pre-experimental research using posttest only design and true-experiment using posttest only control group design. The research locations were in the Mother and Child Health Clinic and Midwives Independent Practice (PMB) in Bantul, Sleman, and Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Implementation from April until September 2020. The population of this study was all the families of postpartum mothers from the first to the third day and after 1 week an evaluation of breastfeeding. The sampling technique uses total sampling was 80 postpartum mothers on the first-third day of childbirth until the baby was 2 months old. The research instruments were the oxytocin massage checklist, lactation problems, and body length observation sheet. Test analysis using Wilcoxon.   Results: The results of this study were that the majority of respondents performed oxytocin massage with a frequency more than 3 times (51%) the first week of postnatal, respondents experienced lactation problems in the first week of postnatal by 16.3% and at the 4th postnatal visit all respondents had no lactation problems. The average increase in the length of the baby's body at the age of 2 months is 8.44. The majority of the baby's body length at the age of 2 months corresponds to age (98.8%). The results of bivariate analysis of oxytocin massage were effective in reducing lactation problems (p=0.000) and supporting infants' growth (p=0.000).  Conclusion: Oxytocin massage is effective in reducing lactation problems and supporting infants' growth. Oxytocin massage should be implemented in postnatal care to prevent lactation problems and support breastfeeding.