Background: Indonesian school children spend one-third of their time in school, where they are exposed to a variety of foods at school canteens. However, the healthiness of school canteens is not yet well understood. This study was conducted to (1) characterize the healthiness and quality of management of school canteens, and (2) measure readiness of school canteens to reopen following COVID-19 closures.Design and Methods: Mixed-methods were used to conduct a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from schools located in the Bantul District of Indonesia. Primary schools (n=152) were randomly selected, with a final sample size of 147. Data were collected using Google Forms, delivered via WhatsApp or email. School canteens were classified as healthy if they had a Healthy Canteen Score (HCS) >= 10, or unhealthy if they had a HCS < 10.Results: Less than half (43.5%) of school canteens were deemed to be healthy. School canteens were more likely to be healthy if the canteen manager had a formal decision letter (OR=15.2; 95% CI=3.7-62.5); used print material messaging (OR= 3.2 to 4.6 times); or received inspection by external officers periodically (OR=2.8; 95% CI= 1.04-7.5). Readiness to reopen was 4.5 (OR=4.5; 95%CI: 1.1-17.9) times higher among schools that had their own canteen, and 4 (OR=3.9; 95% CI =1.1-13.8) times higher among schools located in rural areas, adjusting for the remaining variables.Conclusions: School canteen healthiness can be improved by implementing national food policy and healthy school canteen standards accompanied by the existence of good management practices within schools, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Fruit and vegetable consumption among preschool children in Indonesia is lower than recommendations, which may be due to types of food availability at home and unhealthy feeding practices such as restriction and parent pressure. Providing nutrition education through booklets and counseling on healthy food (fruit and vegetable) consumption can help to provide information to parent’s thus resulting healthy behavior, compared to merely providing booklets without counseling. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nutrition education using booklets with counseling versus without counseling on home food availability and parent feeding practices in preschool children. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Sampling methods included both purposive sampling and simple random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select Danurejan district as the sub-district with the highest obesity percentage in Yogyakarta Municipality. Meanwhile, simple random sampling was applied to select children and schools (Early Childhood Education Program Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini [PAUD] or kindergartens Taman Kanak-kanak [TK]). There were 56 people (28 intervention and 28 controls) taken from 4 PAUD/TK. The intervention group received nutrition education using booklets as well as one 30–60 min counseling session carried out at the participant’s home. The control group was provided with booklets, but did not receive counseling. The pre-test was carried out before nutrition education was given, and the post-test was conducted 30 days after the nutrition education. Fruit and vegetable availability at home were assessed using questionnaire, and parent feeding practices were assessed using the Comprehensive Food Feeding Questionnaire. The statistical tests used to assess outcomes between groups included pair t-test, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, and independent t-test. RESULTS: There were increase in healthy eating guidance and monitoring before and after nutrition education was provided in the intervention group (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), but no differences were found in restriction, child control, and parent pressure (p = 0.11, p = 0.48, p = 0.28; p ≥ 0.05). There was a decrease in child control behavior before and after nutrition education in the control group (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), but there were no differences in healthy eating guidance, monitoring, restriction, and parent pressure (p = 0.17, p = 0.18, p = 0.53, 0.62; p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate that using counseling in addition to nutrition education booklets can increase mother’s implementation use of healthy eating guidance and monitoring, with the potential to promote healthy weight within families.

Masalah gizi balita di Indonesia saat ini yaitu gizi kurang dan lebih. Guru dan sekolah dapat berperan dalam memantau pertumbuhan anak prasekolah melalui pengukuran antropometri secara berkala pada anak dini untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan perkembangan siswa-siswi. Namun guru PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) belum pernah mendapatkan pelatihan pengukuran status gizi sehingga perlu dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mencegah malnutrisi (gizi kurang dan lebih) pada anak prasekolah melalui pelatihan pengukuran status gizi pada guru PAUD. Metode kegiatan yaitu pelatihan  meliputi cara mengukur tinggi badan dan berat badan serta menilai status gizi, yang dilaksakan selama 2 hari (9-10 Juni 2021) pada 7 orang di TK Negeri 1 Pajangan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Alat yang digunakan yaitu timbangan digital, microtoise dan buku standar antropometri. Evaluasi pelatihan dengan menghitung skor keterampilan pengukuran tinggi badan dan penimbangan berat badan, serta menghitung reliabilitas inter-rater (guru) dalam pengukuran tinggi badan. Uji statistik reliabilitas inter-rater menggunakan Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) dan ANOVA. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan keterampilan mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan  yaitu sangat baik  dengan rerata skor sebesar 95,4%, dan reliabilitas inter-rater (guru) dalam pengukuran tinggi badan sebesar 0,61 yang artinya cukup konsisten serta tidak ada perbedaan antar guru dalam mengukur tinggi badan subyek (p >0,05). Guru PAUD terlatih perlu terus diberdayakan dalam kegiatan rutin pengukuran antropometri di lingkungan sekolah dalam upaya pencegahan malnutrisi pada anak prasekolah. Kata kunci: Anak prasekolah, antropometri, berat badan, status gizi, tinggi badan.

Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the daily lives of the education practice worldwide. This study aims to determine the psychological aspects and eating habits of Indonesian college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A survey was conducted online during social isolation from April to June 2021 among the Indonesian population. A total of 952 Indonesian students participated in this cross-sectional online survey. Students reported their psychological aspects such as status of emotional eating and emotional state and their eating habits such as dietary pattern and dietary diversity score (DDS) using a self-administered online questionnaire in Qualtrics platform. The bivariate analysis was used to describe and assess their psychological aspects and eating habits in relation to their socio-demographic during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results Students' mean aged was 21.60 ± 4.20 years. The average BMI of all subjects was 22.20 ± 4.10 kg/m2, 16.30% were underweight and 34.00% were overweight/obese. Most students frequently eat staple foods such as rice and bread also eat animal source food like egg and chicken minimum 1x/day. Of 58.4% and 29% reported to have moderate and high dietary diversity status, respectively. Students with emotional eating status found 30.40% and significantly associated with female students (p = 0.005). Emotional eating status was associated with nutritional status (p = 0.002) and its common in overweight/obese students (43.90%), normal (42.30%), and underweight (13.80%). It was examined that increasing BMI followed with increasing emotional eating status (p = 0.001). Students who had emotional states were related to uncontrol eating during pandemic (OR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.33–2.42, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions In this study, it has been provided that the Covid-19 pandemic has heavily influenced students’ psychological and eating habits. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the data need to be confirmed for further research. Funding Sources This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.