The emergence of mental health problems during a pandemic is a major concern of healthcare systems. This cross-sectional, analytical study was performed on 1072 patients with COVID-19 disease without pre-existing mental disorders in Kurdistan Province in 2020 to obtain the frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress using a valid, standard electronic depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted in SPSS Version 23 using logistic regression modeling. The mean age of the participants was 31.91 ± 10.28 years and 543 subjects (50.7%) were female. The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was 51.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7–54.7), 64.3% (95% CI: 61.3–67.1), 61.4% (95% CI: 58.4–64.2), respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was higher in the employees and retirees compared to the unemployed and homemakers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the frequency of stress (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, P = 0.01) and depression (OR: 1.3, P = 0.04) in patients who undertook severe protection measures was significantly higher than those who used lower. The patients with COVID-19 experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Therefore, it is essential to provide psychological and psychiatric services to these patients electronically or face to face at health centers.
Today, mobile phones play a key role in the communication of different countries and it provides a wide range of possibilities for its users [1]. China's mobile usage as the world's most populous country in 2016 reached over 695 million users, representing 10% annual growth [2]. Overuse of cell phones, like any other technology-related phenomenon, also has its disadvantages [3]. Many researchers believe that overuse of the cell phone in the minds and nerves of users causes a form of addiction that is just as destructive as drug addiction, alcohol, eating much, computer games and the Internet [4]. Mobile phone addiction is a widespread problem among adults around the world [5]. Addiction to his cell phone shows up while doing other things including study, driving, cycling and even sleeping [6]. International research shows that about 6% of mobile phone users are addicted to it [7]. In Iran, the prevalence of mobile phone addiction has been relatively high, for example, Background and Purpose: Overuse of the mobile phone, like any phenomenon related to other technologies, also has its disadvantages and Causes personal, social, and psychological problems such as depression, hopelessness, anxiety, stress, sleep disorders, and social isolation. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Statistical population included high school students in Divandareh city (Kurdistan Province, Iran) and sample size according to Cochran formula was estimated 384 students. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and a standard mobile addiction questionnaire, Beck Depression and Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire. Data was entered into SPSS-21 software and analyzed by t-test, chi-square and ANOVA. Findings: In the present study, out of 370 high school students in Divandareh city, 54% (198 students) were boys and 46% (172 students) were girls. According to the chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between depression and hopelessness with mobile phone addiction (P<0.001). There was also a significant relationship between sex and mobile phone addiction (P=0.004). On the other hand, according to ANOVA test, no significant relationship was found between age and mobile phone addiction (P=0.601). Conclusion: The results of this study show that traumatic and excessive use of mobile phones is a potential risk factor for mental disorders in students and such disorders are in turn an effective factor in decreasing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mobile phone addiction and depression and hopelessness and its prevalence among high school students in Divandareh city.
Background. Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign, and self-limiting disease that is commonly associated with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, and definitive diagnosis is based on the histological appearance in the excision biopsy of the lymph nodes. Recurrence of KFD is reported rarely. Case Presentation. A 56-year-old Iranian woman with a background history of thrombocytopenia presented with fever, malaise, loss of appetite, and weight loss with cervical lymphadenopathy. The excision biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of KFD, and she made a full recovery with improvement of symptoms, regression of cervical lymph nodes, and normalization inflammatory markers. One year after remission, she presented with similar clinico-biochemical profile, and repeat biopsy confirmed KFD. Conclusion. Although the rate of recurrence of the disease is very low, the treating physician should consider the possibility and confirm it histologically.
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