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AbstrakPenelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) Indonesia dan Global Qurban sebagai salah satu program unggulannya di tingkat global. ACT adalah organisasi nirlaba profesional yang memfokuskan kerja-kerja kemanusiaan akibat bencana alam dan konflik kemanusiaan. Wilayah kerja ACT di skala global diawali dengan kiprah dalam setiap tragedi kemanusiaan di berbagai belahan dunia seperti bencana alam, kelaparan dan kekeringan, konflik dan peperangan, termasuk penindasan terhadap kelompok minoritas berbagai negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian Fenomenologis yang mencari makna dari sebuah realitas sosial dari sudut pandang manusia di dalamnya-Aksi Cepat Tanggap. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam pendekatan konseptual untuk mengeksplorasi temuantemuan penelitian diantaranya Global Qurban Aksi Cepat Tanggap dari sudut pandang (i) gerakan sosial, (ii) masyarakat internasional, (iii) pembangunan dan pengembangan, (iv) rezim dan kebijakan, (v) pemanfaatan media sosial, dan dari sudut pandang (vi) kajian jaringan advokasi transnasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bantuan kemanusiaan-dan juga isu-isu kemanusiaan-masih menjadi tren utama dalam dinamika organisasi transnasional. Selain itu, pemanfaatan media sosial dinilai cukup menentukan perkembangan dan kemajuan dari sebuah jaringan advokasi transnasional. AbstractThe research explores how the role of Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) Indonesia and Global Qurban as one of its flagship programs at the global level. ACT is a professional non-profit organization that focuses on humanitarian work due to natural disasters and humanitarian conflicts. ACT's working area on a global scale begins with gait in every humanitarian tragedy in various parts of the world such as natural disasters, hunger and drought, conflict and war, including the suppression of minority groups of various countries. This study applies qualitative approach. This type of research is classified into Phenomenological research which seeks meaning from a social reality from a human point of view within it-Aksi Cepat Tanggap. This study applies six conceptual approaches on exploring the research

This article aims to understand and explain the local context of state’s defense toward non-military threats in Indonesia. As the broading and deepening development of security significance, non-traditional security agenda urges multi-levels and multi-sectors synergy especially in the local government because the nature of non-military threats in Indonesia developed at the local level. First, authors review numbers of literatures about non-traditional security, non-military threats and the securitization theory. Second, the article elaborates the strategic environment—global, regional, and national—and threats perception from the perspective of Indonesia’s defense posture. After that, the article explains securitization aspects of multi-level and multi-sectors synergy on facing the non-military threats at the local level. The result of this research is the synergy of national development, regional development and national defense development needs to be synchronized with the support of clear regulations, considering the available resources to achieve real community welfare, both in terms of income, employment opportunities, business opportunities, access to policy making, competitiveness, and an increase in the human development index. The strategic relations between stakeholders in the synergy of national defense development is essential to achieve formidable defense. Policy socialization between vertical agencies of ministries/institutions and regional governments needs to be optimized and intensified so that there will be a common perception in the management and implementation of national defense development on dealing with non-military threats.

This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islam yang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin

This article discusses Indonesia’s orientation in the North Natuna Sea in the constructivism. The article aims to look at the change of Indonesia's orientation towards the positioning of North Natuna waters following China’s claims as the part of its territories. Indonesia’s orientation used to be for economic development activities. However, Indonesia then swifted such orientation to defense and security. The article applied the constructivist theory of Alexander Went. The article applied the qualitative approach whose data collection was through literature study.