We sought to report an updated incidence, risk factors, and outcome of traumatic facial palsy (TFP) in newborn infants born at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We performed a 12-year retrospective study at KAMC. The records of infants with the diagnosis of TFP during the study period were reviewed and compared with 148 healthy term infants born during the same study period. Among 83,067 infants delivered between January 1994 and December 2005, 29 infants were diagnosed with TFP for an incidence of 0.03%. Forceps delivery and maternal primiparity were the only significant risk factors for TFP. Only 7 (24.1%) of these infants were delivered by cesarean section. The other 22 cases of TFP (75.9%) were delivered without any forceps application. Almost all infants (93%) with TFP had spontaneous recovery within 2 months. Only one child suffered from permanent facial weakness when he was last examined at the age of 12 years. Although forceps delivery was considered the most significant risk factor, currently most of the cases occur spontaneously without forceps application. The majority of infants with TFP will recover spontaneously within the first 2 months of life.

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publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID) Abstracts e471 Conclusion: The rate of hospitalization of children with complications of varicella is higher than described in our previously study.

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema in mechanically ventilated premature infants is a serious complication that is difficult to manage and is associated with a poor prognosis [1]. We describe a premature infant with respiratory insufficiency secondary to severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema that was managed with nasopharyngeal highfrequency oscillatory ventilation, as a non-invasive mode of ventilation.Our case report does not clearly differentiate whether the improvement in gas exchange and eventual resolution of PIE are attributable to the use of non-invasive HFOV or to the use more appropriate low frequency (7Hz) with the non-invasive approach. Further studies of NP-HFOV use in infants with PIE are needed to support our report Conclusion: NP-HFOV may be utilized in infants with PIE associated with compromised respiratory function. NP-HFOV may decrease the chance of further pulmonary complications, including pneumonia and lung atelectasis, and facilitate care of sick infants while on NP-HFOV.

Parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV-3) outbreaks in neonatal care units are rare. We aimed to report our experience of PIV-3 outbreak in level II neonatal care unit (NCU-II). A retrospective review of medical records of all infants managed in NCU-11 during the PIV-3 outbreak period. During the viral outbreak, 49 infants were cared for in NCU-II, and only 7 infants proved to be infected with PIV-3. The attack rate was 14%. The first 4 infected infants were transferred to standby isolation room outside NCU-II, and the unit was closed. All exposed and infected infants were cohorted, nursed inside closed incubators and other infection control measures were reinforced. Due to bed crises and 5 days after the closure of the unit and before the end of the viral outbreak; the standby isolation room was closed and NCU-II was reopened for new admissions and was divided into 3 zones for: infected, exposed, and newly admitted infants. Three more infants that were initially exposed to index case turned positive. There was no further transmission of the PIV-3 after opening the neonatal unit. Infants nursed in open crib at onset of PIV-3 outbreak were at high risk for infection (P value <0.0001). All infected infants survived and were discharged in good condition. Re-enforcing standard infection control measures, cohorting and placing all the exposed and infected infants inside closed incubators could contain respiratory outbreaks in neonatal nurseries without significant morbidity or mortality and most probably without the need to close the unit.