Energy security is considered as one of the most important challenge for world countries, given that it represents one of the main pillars of sovereignty. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the energy security performance of Algeria over the period 1980-2020 through the development of a composite index, named ESIA, on the basis of five dimensions; Availability, Affordability, Applicability, Acceptability and Governance. The results show that energy security presents a moderate performance, with score range of (5.29-7.51). The highest performance is showed during the sub-period 2005-2020. The availability, affordability and applicability indicators are the main drivers of this performance, respectively. While, the acceptability indicators play a little positive effect, and the proactive nature of energy sector governance is still considered as challenging for Algeria. Five important policy implications were identified in order to improve the energy security of the country.

Après soixante -ans d’indépendance, l’Algérie se retrouve face à des défis et des enjeux géopolitiques, économiques, sociaux, technologiques et environnementaux majeures. Ce qui incite à repenser le modèle de développement économique et social au-delà des hydrocarbures pour une croissance économique durable.Ce numéro spécial se propose d’offrir aux chercheurs en sciences sociales de revenir sur ce passé récent de l’histoire de l’Algérie, d’en tirer les enseignements et surtout de contribuer à la réflexion prospective quant aux approches à envisager pour faire face à ces défis.La diversification économique et les réformes macro-structurelles, l’intégration de l’Algérie dans l’économie régionale et mondiale, la sécurité alimentaire, la transition énergétique, les politiques sociales et la réduction des inégalités, le capital humain et l’instauration de la bonne gouvernance tissent déjà la toile de cette nouvelle approche économique et sociale.

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of cultivar and year of harvest on the content of mineral elements of Algerian extra virgin olive oils.Area of study: Technical Institute of Arboriculture of Fruits and Vine (TIAFV), Bejaia, Algeria.Material and methods: The mineral contents of extra virgin olive oils from ten cultivars during two consecutive campaigns 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and absorption in a graphite furnace after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis was applied to correlate the mineral content with cultivar type and year of harvest.Main results: Mean concentrations for Fe, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Mg, As and Co in samples were observed in the range of 1.640-13.213, 1.546-32.866, 1.375-3.337, 19.666-104.720, 4.573-117.133, 0.120-2.560, 0.006-0.146 and 0.002-0.051 μg g-1, respectively. The first three principal components retained 76.25% of the variance. The determinants of the effect of cultivar type and year of harvest were Fe and Na; Mg, Co and As, respectively.Research highlights: The study showed that mineral composition of the olive oils was mainly determined by the cultivar and the year of harvest.

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