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This study develops a method of controlling backfill settlement of abutment by using a ground improvement technique employing a successive rows of soil-cement columns along the track. In order to confirm the effect of the proposed method, a shaking table test in the gravity field using a model of 1/15 scale was conducted. As a result of the shaking table test, the backfill, which was located between the abutment and the soil-cement columns, behaved together with the abutment. The failure plane was formed in backside of the soil-cement columns. It was confirmed by experiment that seismic earth pressure to the abutment was reduced by the proposed method since the soil-cement columns resisted the earth pressure from the backside by the subgrade reaction at the bottom of soil-cement columns during shaking. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed method shows a beneficial effect in preventing the settlement of backfill as it reduced seismic earth pressure to the abutment and kept the abutment backfill system safe.