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The objective of this study will be to clarify the historical characteristics of the formation process of admissions based on sports recommendation in Japanese universities. First, in Japan, even before the recommendation admission system was o‹cially approved, athletes had been given preferential treatment in entrance examinations. Next, Since the recommendation admission system was o‹cially approved in 1967, private universities' faculties of physical education, among others, started actively admitting athletes based on a recommendation. These physical education faculties selected students based on physical skills tests to secure competent athletes. And in the 1980's, private universities played a leading role in conducting entrance examinations with a special admission quota for athletes. Waseda University launched the Special Selection System for the Physical Education Major, which introduced a special admission quota for athletes, speciˆed the athletic events and performances, and made the selection process widely known to the public. Last of all, 1987 the Ad Hoc Council on Education recommended that assessment on sports activities be taken into consideration in entrance examinations. The 1989 University Admissions Selection Implementation Guidelines listed``adequate assessment of activities in sports, culture, etc.'' as a selection method for university admission for theˆrst time.

This study evaluates the state of sports at the Fuchu YMA in Tokyo. To this end, the paper analyzed Fuchu Sports, a YMA-published newsletter that specialized in sports and was modeled on the popular sports magazine Asahi Sports. The publication of Fuchu Sport was an indication of the strong interest in sports during the Taisho era (1912-1926). After the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Education announced their directives promoting physical exercise, the Tokyo government hosted conferences on the development of sports and physical education in Tokyo YMA. Accordingly, Tokyo was a step ahead of other regions in Japan when it came to setting up YMA athletic clubs. The founding of the Fuchu YMA Athletic Clubs was mainly supported by the Fuchu YMA, but it also received funding from the local authorities and schools of Fuchu. When the Athletic Club recruited university students to become their coaches, the club's programming changed and its level of competitiveness went up significantly. Finally, the Athletic Club's collaborations with surrounding educational institutions, particularly school athletic clubs, led to remarkable successes in competition and expanded the club's philosophical mission.

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The aim of this study is to take a general view of the research on moral learning and responsibility learning in Physical Education in U.S.A., and to clarify the tasks and future directionalities. This study targeted JTPE that had treated the research on the physical education as a center theme among the scientific journals concerning the physical education and sports in U.S.A. All seven articles reviewed in this paper are from the "Journal of Teaching in Physical Education(JTPE)". As a result, following four issues to be considered were found. (1) The research designs must be developed in the direction where the weak point of the previous study is supplemented, and further development is necessary in the future. They are : (2) to ensure the credibility and objectivity of assessment, (3) to develop a teaching strategy that considers continuing the effect of a teaching strategy and generalization, and finally (4) to develop a teaching strategy uses the element that promotes the morality and sociality involved to the technology of movement and sports.