Skin-derived precursor cells promoted diabetic wound healings through vasculogenesis at the early stage of wound healing. Skin-derived precursor cells are a possible therapeutic tool for diabetic impaired wound healing.

aBBreViatiONS BA = basilar artery; DM = diabetes mellitus; EDAMS = encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis; EDAS = encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis; EMS = encephalo-myo-synangiosis; ICA = internal carotid artery; MCA = middle cerebral artery; MMD = moyamoya disease; SCA = superior cerebral artery; SPECT = singlephoton emission computed tomography; STA = superficial temporal artery; STSG = split-thickness skin graft. SuBmitted January 13, 2014. accepted December 5, 2014. iNclude wheN citiNg Published online July 3, 2015; DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.JNS132602. diSclOSure The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. * Drs. Takanari and Araki contributed equally to this work. OBJect Intracranial revascularization surgeries are an effective treatment for moyamoya disease and other intracranial vascular obliterative diseases. However, in some cases, wound-related complications develop after surgery. Although the incidence of wound complication is supposed to be higher than that with a usual craniotomy, this complication has rarely been the focus of studies in the literature that report the outcomes of revascularization surgeries. Here, the relationship between intracranial revascularization surgeries and their complications is statistically assessed. . Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that double procedures demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of wound complications than single procedures (OR 3.087, p = 0.048). DM was found to be a risk factor for wound complication (OR 9.42, p = 0.02), but age, sex, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were not associated with the incidence of complications. Even though the blood supply to the scalp is abundant due to 5 arteriovenous systems, sometimes cutaneous necrosis develops after intracranial revascularization surgeries. The galeal blood supply is thought to be crucial for preventing wound-related complications. Special care is also thought to be required for DM patients. cONcluSiONS Revascularization surgeries seemed to demonstrate a higher risk of wound-related complications. Double-type procedures, which use both branches of the STA, and a history of DM were found to be risk factors for wound-related complications. Attention should be paid to the design of the galeal incision and vessel harvest line. Also, special attention should be paid to patients with DM.http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2014.12.JNS132602KeY wOrdS cranial revascularization surgery; extracranial to intracranial bypass; infection; skin necrosis; superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis; wound-related complication; vascular disorders 1145

We found a novel 52 kDa matrix glycoprotein MPP1 in the shell of Crassostrea nippona that was unusually acidic and heavily phosphorylated. Deduced from the nucleotide sequence of 1.9 kb cDNA, which is likely to encode MPP1 with high probability, the primary structure of this protein shows a modular structure characterized by repeat sequences rich in Asp, Ser and Gly. The most remarkable of these is the DE‐rich sequence, in which continuous repeats of Asp are interrupted by a single Cys residue. Disulfide‐dependent MPP1 polymers occurring in the form of multimeric insoluble gels are estimated to contain repetitive locations of the anionic molecules of phosphates and acidic amino acids, particularly Asp. Thus, MPP1 and its polymers possess characteristic features of a charged molecule for oyster biomineralization, namely accumulation and trapping of Ca2+. In addition, MPP1 is the first organic matrix component considered to be expressed in both the foliated and prismatic layers of the molluscan shell microstructure. In vitro crystallization assays demonstrate the induction of tabular crystals with a completely different morphology from those formed spontaneously, indicating that MPP1 and its polymers are potentially the agent that controls crystal growth and shell microstructure.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cultured epidermal autograft (CEA) application after CO 2 laser superficial ablation is useful for treating vitiligo by clinically and quantitatively assessing the repigmentation with color differences. | ME THODS | Design of the interventionThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nagoya City University Hospital (#46-16-0014). All patients provided written informed consent.

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