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Bromopyrrole alkaloids comprise a typical class of marine natural products, frequently encountered as secondary metabolites of marine sponges of various species.1 During our studies on bioactive substances from Okinawan marine organisms,1 2 we have examined the extracts of numerous marine sponges and isolated several bromopyrrole alkaloids, which were found to be pharmacologically useful as «-adrenoceptor blockers,3 antagonists of serotonergic receptor,4 and actomyosin ATPase activators.5 Recently, we investigated bioactive constituents of another Okinawan sponge Hymeniacidon sp. and isolated three novel compounds, named manzacidins A-C (1-3), belonging to an unprecedented class of bromopyrrole alkaloids with an unusual 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine ring. Here, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of 1-3.The sponge Hymeniacidon sp., collected at Manza Beach, Okinawa, was extracted with methanol. The

As aged population dramatically increases in these decades, efforts should be made on the intervention for curing age-associated neurologic degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), an antioxidant component and its derivatives are natural functional compounds isolated from a variety of plants. In this study, we determined the neuroprotective effect of 3,5-di-O-CQA on Abeta(1-42) treated SH-SY5Y cells using MTT assay. To investigate the possible neuroprotective mechanism of 3,5-di-O-CQA, we performed proteomics analysis, real-time PCR analysis and measurement of the intracellular ATP level. In addition, we carried out the measurement of escape latency time to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze (MWM), real-time PCR using senescence-accelerated-prone mice (SAMP) 8 and senescence-accelerated-resistant mice (SAMR) 1 mice. Results showed that 3,5-di-O-CQA had neuroprotective effect on Abeta (1-42) treated cells. The mRNA expression of glycolytic enzyme (phosphoglycerate kinase-1; PGK1) and intracellular ATP level were increased in 3,5-di-O-CQA treated SH-SY5Y cells. We also found that 3,5-di-O-CQA administration induced the improvement of spatial learning and memory on SAMP8 mice, and the overexpression of PGK1 mRNA. These findings suggest that 3,5-di-O-CQA has a neuroprotective effect on neuron through the upregulation of PGK1 expression and ATP production activation.