Several adducts were prepared from the thermal reaction of hydroxyl fatty acids (ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12hydroxystearic acid oligomers, oleyl alcohol, dehydrated castor oil fatty acids, and dimer acid) with maleic anhydride and screened as water-soluble cutting fluids. For example, aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts with the products of ricinoleic acid oligomers, 12-hydroxystearic acid dimer, and 12-hydroxystearic acid hexamer showed good antirust properties for waterbased cutting fluids. Various half esters of hydroxyl fatty compounds with acid anhydrides were prepared. Aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of half esters of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride with hydroxyl fatty acids gave good antirust and antiwear properties for waterbased cutting fluids. JSD 1, 533-537 (1998). KEY WORDS:Antirust additives, cutting fluid additives, hydroxyl fatty acids, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, watersoluble cutting fluids.Several cutting fluids are used for machining operations. The trend in water-miscible cutting fluids is toward waterbased fluids, which provide the advantages of low toxicity and excellent cooling capacity and also overcome problems associated with mineral oil-based products. However, water-based cutting fluids, oil-free type synthetic fluids, must possess good rust-inhibiting, antiwear, and antimicrobial activity. We previously reported that various esters of ricinoleic acid oligomers (1) and dimer acids (2) have excellent rust inhibition properties for water-soluble cutting fluids. To increase the data base of cutting fluids, we performed the following research. This paper is concerned with new additives for water-soluble cutting fluids derived from hydroxyl fatty acid with acid anhydrides.

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Water-soluble metal working fluids are used for processing of aluminum alloy materials. This short article describes properties of new additives in water-soluble metal working fluids for aluminum alloy materials. Many half esters or diesters were prepared from the reactions of higher alcohols with acid anhydrides. Interestingly, diesters of PTMG (tetrahydrofuran oligomer, MW = 650 and 1000) and polybutylene oxide (MW = 650) with maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride showed both of an excellent anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy and a good hard water tolerance. The industrial soluble type processing oils including these additives also showed anti-corrosion property and hard water tolerance.

Water-soluble metal working fluids are used for processing of aluminum alloy materials. This short paper describes properties of new additives for water-soluble cutting fluids for aluminum alloy materials. Some alkyldiphosphonic acids were prepared with known method. Amine salts of these phosphonic acids showed anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials. However, they have no hard water tolerance. Monoesters of octylphosphonic acid were prepared by the reaction of octylphosphonic acid dichloride with various alcohols in the presence of triethylamine. Amine salts of monoester of octylphosphonic acid with diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether and triethyleneglycol monomethyl ether showed both of a good anti-corrosion property for aluminum alloy materials and hard water tolerance.