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Background & Objective:Dengue infection is an arthropod borne disease caused by Dengue virus in humans. Dengue virus infection has more potential to produce severe form of the disease with more severe symptoms. Proper diagnosis of dengue fever is very important for its safe management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the non structural protein-1 (NS1) positive parameter for identification of dengue fever by using ELISA from 2013 dengue outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Methods:It was a cross sectional study conducted among 384 patients tested for dengue admitted to different hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa April to December 2013 with symptoms related to classical dengue fever. Written informed consent was taken from 100 NS1 positive diagnosed patients, and 3 to 5 ml blood sample was collected for confirmation through ELISA testing. ELISA test for dengue IgG and IgM was performed two time in order to confirm the dengue cases. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.Result:The study performed on 100 NS1 positive samples of patients, admitted to hospitals with symptoms related to classical dengue fever, indicated that after performing the IgM and IgG capture ELISA test only 76 samples were actually found positive for dengue. The rest of the 24 samples were found negative for both IgM and IgG capture ELISAs. The study also revealed that 90.8 % patients had primary dengue infection and 35.5% patients had secondary dengue infection. Most patients were between the age of 10-20 years (26%), among them19.7% were having primary dengue infection. Among 10-20 years of age 50% female patients were false dengue patients.Conclusion:About 24 % NSI protein positive samples were found negative for both IgM and IgG capture ELISAs showed that NS1protein positivity does not confirm actual dengue infection.

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Objective: To evaluate the trends in respiratory support for very low birth weight infants. Study Design: Cohort study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine Unit-2, Balochistan Institute of Child Health Services Quetta from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Five hundred participants were enrolled. Data regarding maternal clinical history, neonatal clinical data using standardized and was recorded on a well structures questionnaire. Risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was considered as in those with discharge at 34-35 weeks without supplementation of oxygen required. Nitric oxide inhalation more than 4 hours’ addictive or contiguous was considered as treatment. Non intubated ventilation greater than four hours, continuous positive airway pressure through nose was delivered as respiratory support. Results: There were 74.7% male infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia while 74.1% female infants were having bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The gestational age as mean in no bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants was 28±2.1 while it was 26±2.2 in bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants The mean birth weight was 1187±253 grams in without bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants whereas it was 891±246 grams in bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants. One and five minutes Apgar scoring increased in without bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants. Conclusion: Health improvement initiative programs and modern interventions should be formulated that highlights the use of non-invasive ventilation options to increase the quality of life and well-being of preterm neonates. Keywords: Low birth weight, Respiratory Distress, Quality of life, Mortalities