Background: overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for high morbidity and mortality rates and are associated with chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes. Objectives: evaluating the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) in overweight and obese adult Saudi population. Methods: a cross sectional community based study was undertaken among 549 of overweight and obese Saudi subjects in Riyadh region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).All enrolled volunteers were subjected to the following clinical history taking, calculating BMI, diagnosis of HTN and measurement blood pressure. Results: the age of the subjects was 20-35 years old in 23.9%, 48.2% were 36-50 years old and 27.9% were older than 50 years old. About 55%of respondents were females and 45% were males. 60.8% of subjects were overweight and 39.2% were obese. The HTN and DM prevalence were found to be significantly higher among obese subjects than overweight group. Conclusion: the results indicated that obese subjects were at increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Also, obese females were more susceptible to DM and HTN than men.

Background: food habits and lifestyle significantly affect the prevalence of overweight and obesity thus impact the body mass index (BMI) among Saudi population. Objectives: assessments of the impact of lifestyle on the BMI among the adult population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Subjects and Methods: a cross sectional study conducted on 1055 adult Saudi subjects aged between 20-40 years old. A predesigned questionnaire was distributed among included subjects from January 2017-May 2017consisted of questions about subject's demographics, anthropometric measures, and lifestyle. Results: this study included 1055 subjects from which 40.9% normal, 5.9% were underweight, 25% were overweight, 17.1% were obese, 8.4% were severely obese and 2.7% were morbidly obese. Being female, older age and smoking were significantly related to overweight and obesity. The bad lifestyle habits, lack of exercise and watching TV and video games were significantly associated with a high prevalence of obesity and overweight among studied subjects. Conclusion: bad lifestyle habits, smoking, not practicing physical exercise and using entertainment means for a long time significantly increased the BMI thus revealing high rates of overweight and obesity.

Background: Improved adherence to oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs (OAHs) may improve glucose control while also lowering diabetes morbidity, mortality, and long-term health resource consumption. Aim: This study aims to compare the adherence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to sulfonylureas with metformin. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was done in PubMed, MEDLINE through Clarivate, Web of Science through Clarivate, and EBSCO. Studies retrieved were managed in Rayyan-Intelligent systematic reviews website for duplicate removal and screening. Review Manager 5.4 was used to generate forest plots to estimate pooled odds ratios using a random-effect model. We used the Higgin's I2 test for assessing between-study heterogeneity. We used funnel plots for assessment of publication bias. Results: This review included data from 11 studies on 274,202 T2DM patients. Random effect meta-analysis revealed that the odds for higher proportion of adherence favoured sulfonylurea group (OR = 1.34, 95% ). The comparison between sulfonylurea and metformin adherence using OR was significant (p=0.007). Conclusion:The study concludes that T2DM patients were significantly more adherent to sulfonylurea than metformin, however, the analysis showed significant heterogeneity. We recommend adherence measures to be devised when prescribing OHAs.