Background: overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for high morbidity and mortality rates and are associated with chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes. Objectives: evaluating the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) in overweight and obese adult Saudi population. Methods: a cross sectional community based study was undertaken among 549 of overweight and obese Saudi subjects in Riyadh region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).All enrolled volunteers were subjected to the following clinical history taking, calculating BMI, diagnosis of HTN and measurement blood pressure. Results: the age of the subjects was 20-35 years old in 23.9%, 48.2% were 36-50 years old and 27.9% were older than 50 years old. About 55%of respondents were females and 45% were males. 60.8% of subjects were overweight and 39.2% were obese. The HTN and DM prevalence were found to be significantly higher among obese subjects than overweight group. Conclusion: the results indicated that obese subjects were at increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Also, obese females were more susceptible to DM and HTN than men.

No abstract

Infancy has been proven as the best time to improve health outcomes for the later stage of life. The composition of human breast milk has evolved over millennia to support and maintain the infant's life during the early years of life. To achieve life-sustaining effects, human breast milk is packed with fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a wide range of bioactive compounds such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and cytokines. The immunological compounds in breast milk have been shown to curtail gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory tract infections, hospital admissions, acute otitis media, allergic reactions, and urinary tract infections. Although breastfeeding causes newborns to gain less weight at the beginning of their lives than formula milk does, breast milk improves body composition by low adiposity. A higher adipose deposition in infants is linked with an increased risk of child obesity in the future. Due to significant health benefits, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends initiating breastfeeding within one hour after birth and continuing for at least six months. Breastfeeding has emerged as a superior source of nutrition that can promote healthy physiological and cognitive development and protect against disease challenges in low birthweight infants. This review summarizes potential evidence that highlights the potential health impact of breast milk in low birthweight infants.

Background: in 2015, there were 1.13 billion people living with high blood pressure worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension worldwide is of about 40%. In Saudi Arabia it reached 3.2% among those aged between 15-24 years, 51.2% among those aged 55-64 years and up to 70% among those aged 65 years and older. It has been observed that there is an increase in prehypertension cases, reaching 46.5% (3 millions) among males and 34.3% (more than 2 million) among females. Worldwide, raised blood pressure is estimated to cause 7.5 million deaths, about 12.8% of the total of all deaths. Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess knowledge of hypertension and to determine factors affecting the compliance of hypertensive patients to their antihypertensive drugs. Methods: we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Tabuk city population, Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted during the period from August to December 2017. The participants were selected by random sampling. Sampling included the different geographical areas of the city. The total sample included 108 pupils. All the pupils were approached to obtain the desired sample size. A self-administered questionnaire about hypertension and complications was filled by the participants. Results: in this study, participants classified to three groups according to age: less than 40 years old from 40 to 65 years old and 65 years old or above. Male and female groups contributed to 72.2% and 27.8% respectively. The majority of participants were university graduates (55.6%) and about 33.3% were secondary education. The majority of participants with hypertension were on one medications prescribed for treatment of their high blood pressure and the majority of participants(66.7%) were poorly compliant to their hypertension medication. Conclusion: more attention is needed on preventive educational programs that focus on awareness and assessment of the hypertension medications adherence, complications of hypertension, and the danger of poor control of it.

A lot of Researchers have addressed removing mercury as a pollutant from the wastewaters of several industries. Heavy metals are being removed from wastewater through adsorption on activated carbon, which is becoming additional popular. Although commercial activated carbon is the ideal adsorbent for pollutant elimination, its extensive usage is limited because of its high cost, encouraging researchers to explore alternative effective and low-cost adsorbents. These include activated carbon, polymers, nanoparticles, and low-cost adsorbents. For the remediation of water from mercury, polymers, as well as nanoparticles, which are very effective adsorbents, can be employed. According to a literature review of the most recently published research, polymers and nanoparticles have exhibited exceptional mercury removal capabilities. The present study reviews the different works in which the different adsorbents materials were used to eliminate mercury in the solutions.