Objective. To test and verify the main physical attributes of fresh cladodes of the prickly-pear cactus (nopal) Cristalina and Pelon Blanco varieties; and the flours obtained after they are dried and ground. Design/ Methodology/ Approach. Physical characteristics were determined using proven and reliable tests. Data shall serve to explore the potential of this material to be used in basic and complex processes; considering the varieties requierements for growth space and quality parameters for storage. Along with the interaction with processing devices and equipment for proper handling while manufacturing new products. Results. Physical characteristics of the two nopal varieties showed slight differences in the measured parameters, except length, width and electrical conductivity. Limitations/ Implications of the study. Researchers did not participate in the production of the evaluated Opuntia spp. varieties. Physical characteristics of the varieties were recorded at the time when the cladodes were separated from the plants. Findings/ Conclusions. With the procedure proposed, the mechanical transport of the cladodes into the facilities is improved. In addition, it generates less wear of the equipment, and reduces the costs of maintenance and handling. The quality of the flour from each variety was adequate to allow a safe storage

Objective: attest and compare the fundamental attributes for fresh raw cactus cladodes and its chemical constituent’s quality when dried and grounded for three varieties of prickly pear cactus “Copena”, “Pelon blanco” and “Pelon rojo”. Design/methodology/approach: measurements of the physical attributes and chemical constituents were made by using proved and reliable techniques. Data will aid to explore the potential for these cactus materials when being handled from basic to complex processes, considering its need for size and quality of storage and their effect when they interact with processing devices and handling apparatus for the new product being elaborated. Results: the physical attributes among the three assessed cactus varieties showed slight differences in their parameters, but length, wide and electric conductivity. While for their chemical analysis, cactus cladodes were chopped, dried and grounded. Chemical compounds showed slight differences between the three varieties, but Pelon blanco had a higher fat percentage and the lowest zinc and potassium concentration. None of the varieties had iron. Limitations on study/implications: there was no management on the prickly pear cactus production. The assessment of the cultivars’ attributes was as they were from the field. Stabilization of the chemical constituents of Pelon blanco could be necessary, according to the expected features of new products, or lead to a new line of by-products. Findings/conclusions: mechanical handling of raw cladodes around the premises is facilitated, and its uses and maintenance are fewer management costs. Flour from each variety was kept at around 10 % water content to safeguarding storage. Regard the protein and carbohydrates content, flour of the three varieties ensure integration with other compounds and guarantees new products with high protein content.

Objective: To establish a local market and generate the value chain of horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) as a food product to produce dietary supplements. Design/Methodology/Approach: We propose a strategy to introduce horseradish tree to the island of Ometepe, Nicaragua, based on the concept of value chain analysis and the characteristic of sustainability. Four analysis aspects were taken into consideration: a) production, b) sustainability, c) socioeconomic, and d) political. Likewise, requirements and barriers to the introduction of horseradish tree as a sustainable food product were identified. Results: Using synthetic fertilizers or pesticides is not recommended for the commercial production of horseradish tree leaf powder. From the polyculture farming of horseradish tree alone a $7,500-$8,000 USD yield in a 1-ha plot has been projected in the local economy for the first year and between $14,200 and $15,200 USD in the following years. Study Limitations/Implications: Although the horseradish tree contributes to an improved nutrition, the consumption of the fresh parts of this species involves a change in the food culture. Findings/Conclusions: Horseradish tree leaf powder is a viable alternative organic food and has the potential to respond to malnutrition in Ometepe, Nicaragua. It also represents a net profit between $5,050 and $5,600 USD in the first year and between $11,200 and $12,200 USD in subsequent years.