As a pretreatment for membrane microfiltration (MF)

No abstract

Accurate values of thermal conductivity of the silicate melts systematically measured as a function of chemical composition are necessary to understand a mechanism of heat transfer in the silicate melts. Hot wire method and laser flash methods have been used to measure thermal conductivity or thermal diffusivity of oxides melts at high temperatures. Laser flash method has been improved to measure thermal diffusivity of oxides melts with high accuracy. However the effects of radiative heat transfer and low electrical resistivity of samples have been made it difficult to derive precise values. To over come these difficulties, a frontheating frontdetection laser flash method with use of high time resolution detec tor has been proposed. The temperature response at the bottom surface of thin platinum cell containing sample irradiated by pulse laser is measured. The measurement techniques used for measurement oxide melts are com pared. Then, thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3 Na 2 OCaOSiO 2 silicate melts was measured at temperature up to 1830 K. Thermal conductivity of the molten silicate shows insig nificant temperature dependence for all investigated melts. A fairly good correlation has been found between the thermal conductivity and the value of NBO/T (NonBridging Oxygen ions/Tetrahedrally coordinated cation) calculated from the chemical composition. The thermal conductivity increases with decrease of NBO/T for small NBO/T value and becomes constant for larger NBO/T value.

Background: Trastuzumab (Tmab), pertuzumab (Pmab), and taxane has been a standard first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic human epidermal growth factor (HER2)-positive breast cancer (HER2 + mBC) but has some safety issues due to taxane-induced toxicities. This has led to ongoing efforts to seek less toxic alternatives to taxanes that are equally effective when used in combination with Tmab plus Pmab. This study aims to show the non-inferiority of eribulin, a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor, against taxane, as a partner for dual HER2 blockade.

A major role of the corpus luteum (CL) is to produce progesterone (P4). The CL has immature vasculature shortly after ovulation, suggesting it exists under hypoxic conditions. To elucidate the mechanism involved in regulation of luteal cell function during CL development, we compared the effect of hypoxia on P4 production by cultured bovine early and mid luteal cells. Luteal cells obtained from early and mid CL were incubated under different O2 concentrations (20% and 3%) with or without hCG (1 U/ml) for 6 h and 24 h. After 6 h of culture in the presence of hCG, P4 production was not affected by hypoxia whereas decrease in its production by mid luteal cells was observed. After 24 h of culture, P4 production was significantly decreased by hypoxia in both stages of luteal cells regardless of the use of hCG. At 6 h of culture, hypoxia increased mRNA expression of hydroxyl-Δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3β- and steroid Δ-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1) in early luteal cells, and decreased mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1) enzyme in mid luteal cells. At 24 h of culture, mRNA expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), CYP11A1, and HSD3B1 were not affected by hypoxia in both stages of luteal cells. The overall results suggest that early luteal cells maintain P4 production under hypoxic conditions, and hypoxia-induced HSD3B1 may support this P4 production in the bovine early CL.