Results of our study indicate that an unknown mast cell-degranulating substances contained in HW extract may degranulate mast cells directly, consequently releasing histamine that may participate in the onset of shock in HW extract-induced shock in dogs.
Liver cell damage is induced when isolated liver cells coated with specific antibody against the liver cell membrane are cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although this antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was induced by closed contact of effector cells with targets via specific antibody, a cytotoxic factor or factors causing inhibition of protein synthesis in liver cells was detected in the culture supernatant of the ADCC reaction. Similarly, peritoneal exudate macrophages activated by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also had cytotoxic effects on isolated liver cells by producing a cytotoxic substance or substances. These liver cell injuries caused by either ADCC or activated macrophage culture supernatants were significantly reduced by pretreatment of the isolated liver cells with glycyrrhizin before the addition of the cytotoxic culture supernatants. These results suggest that glycyrrhizin may protect liver cells from immunological injuries.
Liver cell damage can be induced when isolated liver cells coated with specific antibodies against the liver cell membrane are cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although this antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is dependent on the close contact of effector cells with target cells via specific antibodies, a cytotoxic factor or factors causing the inhibition of protein synthesis in liver cells has been detected in the culture supernatant from the ADCC reaction. Similarly, peritoneal exudate macrophages activated by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide also exert cytotoxic effects on isolated liver cells by production of a cytotoxic substance or substances. The liver cell damage caused by either the ADCC or activated macrophage culture supernatants were significantly reduced by pretreating the isolated liver cells with the extract of cultured Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM). These results suggest that LEM may protect liver cells from immunological damage.
We describe a case of urticarial vasculitis accompanied by erythematous wheals, palpable pupura, and subsequent necrotic ulcerated papular lesions in a patient with type C chronic hepatitis and type II cryoglobulinemia (IgM-kappa and polyclonal IgG). A 56-year-old man developed recurrent urticarial lesions on his lower extremities and trunk. The histology revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with perivascular immunoglobulin deposits. Subsequently, multiple reddish papular lesions with necrotic ulcerations appeared on the extensor aspect of his extremities and buttocks. Histology of these lesions showed cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with prominent fibrinoid necrosis of the vascular walls and cryoprecipitate within the vasculature as well as increased hyalinized collagen bundles. These papular lesions have not previously been described as cutaneous necrotizing venulitis to the best of our knowledge. It is suggested that the immune response to hepatitis C virus infection and cryoglobulins may be responsible for severe necrotizing venulitis, resulting in unusual cutaneous lesions.
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