A two-layer culture method was established that uses an organic solvent to remove shikonin derivatives produced on cell surfaces during the culture of suspension cells of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Some paraffins and a fatty acid ester made suitable solvents, whereas olefins and aromatic solvents extensively inhibited the production of shikonin derivatives. The yield of derivatives increased with an increase in the carbon chain length of the n-paraffin used as the solvent and when the oxygen supply was sufficient it reached the value found for the ordinary culture method.

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AB STRACTCrystalization kinetics of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase-change recording films were studied through the isothermal annealing test, the static laser annealing test, and the static/ dinamic observation by transmission electron micrographs.it has been considered that the crystalization of recorded mark at erasing process dominated by the crystal growth,Iiere the crystalline nuclei had already produced during recording process of the mark.