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This paper presents a multilateral comparison of relative levels and structures of costs of production in Japan, the US and West Germany. The analysis is carried out by using harmonized input-output tables, which are converted at U S prices by using adjusted sectoral purchasing power parities. A new accounting methodology is derived from recent developments of index number theoy, whereas the chosen multilateral comparison procedure gives results that are invariant with respect to the order of the pairs of countries examined.

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