An MVA-LCD (multi-domain vertical alignment LCD) that provides super-high image quality has been developed by newly introduced rubbing-less technology.A newly introduced "protrusion" designed on the TFT substrates and on the color filter substrates automatically controls the directors of the LC molecules. By this technology we have successively developed four-domain 15" MVA-TFT units that provide extremely wide viewing angle of more than 160 degrees, a high contrast ratio of 300:1 or more and a fast response of less than 25ms.

We have developed a new MVA-LCD with fast gray-scale response characteristics. The newly designed jagged shaped pixel electrodes give the oblique electric field and effectively control the LC alignment not only statically but also dynamically. We have realized the response time of 30ms (1/3 of the conventional MVA) for any gray-scale switching keeping other advantageous characteristics same; CR, viewing range etc..

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This paper proposes a new personal tour planning problem with time-dependent satisfactions, traveling and activity duration times for sightseeing. It is difficult to represent the time-dependent model using general static network models, and hence, Time-Expanded Network (TEN) is introduced. The TEN contains a copy to the set of nodes in the underlying static network for each discrete time step, and it turns the problem of determining an optimal flow over time into a classical static network flow problem. Using the proposed TEN-based model, it is possible not only to construct various variations with time of costs and satisfactions flexibly in a single network, but also to select optimal departure places and accommodations according to the tour route with tourist’s favorite places and to obtain the time scheduling of tour route, simultaneously. The proposed model is formulated as a 0 - 1 integer programming problem which can be applied by existing useful combinatorial optimization and soft computing algorithms. It’s also equivalently transformed into several existing tour planning problems using some natural assumptions. Furthermore, comparing the proposed model with some previous models using a numerical example with time-dependent parameters, both the similarity of these models in the static network and the advantage of the proposed TEN-based model are obtained.