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The performance of traditional Hotelling T 2 control chart using classical estimators in Phase I suffers from masking and swamping effects. To alleviate the problem, robust location and scale estimators are recommended. This paper proposed a robust Hotelling T 2 control chart for individual observations based on minimum vector variance (MVV) estimators as an alternative to the traditional multivariate T 2 control chart for Phase II data. MVV is a new robust estimator which possesses the good properties as in minimum covariance determinant (MCD) with better computational efficiency. Through simulation study, we evaluate the performance of the proposed chart in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rates, then compared with the performance of the traditional charts and the chart issued from MCD estimators. The results showed that MVV control chart has competitive performance relative to MCD and traditional control charts even under certain location parameter shifts in Phase I data.

Abstract. High-impact floods have become a virtually annual experience in Malaysia, yet flood insurance has remained a grossly neglected part of comprehensive integrated flood risk management. Using discriminant analysis, this study seeks to identify the demand-side variables that best predict flood insurance purchase and risk aversion between two groups of residential homeowners in three districts of Johor State, Malaysia: those who purchased flood insurance and those who did not. Our results revealed an overall 34 % purchase rate, with Kota Tinggi district having the highest (44 %) and thus the highest degree of flood risk aversion. The Wilks' lambda F test for equality of group means, standardised discriminant function coefficients, structure correlation, and canonical correlation has clearly shown that there are strong significant attribute differences between the two groups of homeowners, based on the measures of objective flood risk exposure, subjective risk perception, and socioeconomic cum demographic variables. However, the measures of subjective risk perception were found to be more predictive of flood insurance purchase and flood risk aversion.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for understanding the antecedents of emergency response performance. Design/methodology/approach -Emergency response is vital in cases of emergencies, as prompt and speedy services determine the difference between life and death. Emergency responders normatively work in team and in concert to ensure that mitigation efforts can be accomplished to reduce loss of life and property. As such, it is imperative that emergency responders perform tasks at hand as efficiently as possible as a team. Findings -The paper discusses possible antecedents that determine an emergency response team's performance and offers a conceptual framework based on Robbin's model of group behavior and the existing literature to explain emergency response team performance. Originality/value -The paper presents an overview on emergency management, antecedents of an emergency response team's performance, and proposes a framework to investigate the antecedents of an emergency response team's performance.