Stretchable, wireless health monitoring patches to evaluate heart rate, blood oximetry, UV exposure, and skin coloration.

Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is a leading cause of skin disease. Quantitative, continuous knowledge of exposure levels can enhance awareness and lead to improved health outcomes. Devices that offer this type of measurement capability in formats that can seamlessly integrate with the skin are therefore of interest. This paper introduces materials, device designs, and data acquisition methods for a skin‐like, or “epidermal,” system that combines colorimetric and electronic function for precise dosimetry in the UV‐A and UV‐B regions of the spectrum, and for determination of instantaneous UV exposure levels and skin temperature. The colorimetric chemistry uses (4‐phenoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate (PPDPS‐TF) with crystal violet lactone (CVL) and Congo red for UV‐A and UV‐B operation, respectively, when integrated with suitable optical filters. Coatings of poly(ethylene‐vinylacetate) (PEVA) protect the functional materials from sunscreen and other contamination. Quantitative information follows from automated L*a*b* color space analysis of digital images of the devices to provide accurate measurements when calibrated against standard nonwearable sensors. Techniques of screen printing and lamination allow aesthetic designs and integration with epidermal near field communication platforms, respectively. The result is a set of attractive technologies for managing UV exposure at a personal level and on targeted regions of the body.

No abstract

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation can have a profound impact on human health. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cancer. Blue light affects the body’s circadian melatonin rhythm. At the same time, electromagnetic radiation in controlled quantities has beneficial use. UV light treats various inflammatory skin conditions, and blue light phototherapy is the standard of care for neonatal jaundice. Although quantitative measurements of exposure in these contexts are important, current systems have limited applicability outside of laboratories because of an unfavorable set of factors in bulk, weight, cost, and accuracy. We present optical metrology approaches, optoelectronic designs, and wireless modes of operation that serve as the basis for miniature, low-cost, and battery-free devices for precise dosimetry at multiple wavelengths. These platforms use a system on a chip with near-field communication functionality, a radio frequency antenna, photodiodes, supercapacitors, and a transistor to exploit a continuous accumulation mechanism for measurement. Experimental and computational studies of the individual components, the collective systems, and the performance parameters highlight the operating principles and design considerations. Evaluations on human participants monitored solar UV exposure during outdoor activities, captured instantaneous and cumulative exposure during blue light phototherapy in neonatal intensive care units, and tracked light illumination for seasonal affective disorder phototherapy. Versatile applications of this dosimetry platform provide means for consumers and medical providers to modulate light exposure across the electromagnetic spectrum in a way that can both reduce risks in the context of excessive exposure and optimize benefits in the context of phototherapy.