Analysis of genetic diversity of 90 Vietnamese local-colored rice accessions was evaluated by using 40 SSR markers. The numbers of polymorphic alleles ranged from 3 to 12 alleles per locus and average of 7.1 alleles per locus. The similarity coefficients of the rice landraces fluctuated from 0.76 to 0.93; at a genetic correlation level of 0.78. Ninety accessions of rice landraces were divided into five groups based on analysis of genetic relationships. The results have indicated that 11 markers included: M250, RM302, RM10926, RM208, RM227, RM17231, RM23251, RM5647, RM1376, RM339 and RM228 which gave the unique allele. These markers can be used effectively for genetic diversity of colored rice and provided a specific database and useful materials for landraces identification, local germplasm conservation for further colored rice improvement on rice quality via rice breeding programs in Vietnam.

Abstract. In this study, total 41 Vietnamese rice landraces were evaluated for their salt tolerance in the laboratory and field conditions. Amongst them, 15 landraces have shown moderate to high salinity tolerance in both screening conditions. The three landraces Chanh trui, Cuom dang 2 and Nep cuc have revealed the highest salt tolerance which were similar to the Pokkali. However, with time and levels of salt treatments, salt injury symptoms were clearly observed in all landraces with different symptoms. All plants growth parameters were remarkably reduced in all landraces under increasing salt-treated concentrations. By use of molecular marker RM217 linked with salinity tolerance QTL located on the chromosome 4, 11 landraces have been found to carry the allen involving in salt tolerance. This study has provided useful information on salinity tolerance of rice landraces for breeding programs to deal with the climate change in this country.

In this study, total 41 Vietnamese rice landraces were evaluated for their salt tolerance in the laboratory and field conditions. Amongst them, 15 landraces have shown moderate to high salinity tolerance in both screening conditions. The three landraces Chanh trui, Cuom dang 2 and Nep cuc have revealed the highest salt tolerance which were similar to the Pokkali. However, with time and levels of salt treatments, salt injury symptoms were clearly observed in all landraces with different symptoms. All plants growth parameters were remarkably reduced in all landraces under increasing salt-treated concentrations. By use of molecular marker RM217 linked with salinity tolerance QTL located on the chromosome 4, 11 landraces have been found to carry the allen involving in salt tolerance. This study has provided useful information on salinity tolerance of rice landraces for breeding programs to deal with the climate change in this country.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in providing holistic care and effective pain management, which is significantly associated with their knowledge and attitudes. Limited evidence is available from Vietnamese nursing studies evaluating the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of Vietnamese nurses and identify factors associated with pain management. METHODS: This study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design and was conducted at a national hospital in Vietnam from May to June 2021. Nurses working in all clinical units were surveyed to collect demographic data and assessed using the structured Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-nine nurses completed the survey, including 152 (54.5%) who read books or journals about pain, 25 (9.0%) who reported the use of unit-based pain guidelines, and 77 (27.6%) who used a numeric rating tool. The mean number of correct answers on the KASRP was 23.34 (mean KASRP correct percentage of 54.9%), and only 16 nurses (5.7%) had passing scores. Having a bachelor's degree or higher, reading books or journals about pain, using a numeric rating tool, and using unit-based pain guidelines were significantly associated with higher KASRP scores (P < .01) among nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitudes of nurses regarding pain management were far from satisfactory. Regular pain management training, access to pain-related reading materials, and the frequent use of a numeric tool to assess pain intensity are recommended to enhance the quality of care for patients provided by clinical nurses.

Analysis of genetic diversity of 90 Vietnamese local-colored rice accessions was evaluated by using 40 SSR markers. The numbers of polymorphic alleles ranged from 3 to 12 alleles per locus and average of 7.1 alleles per locus. The similarity coefficients of the rice landraces fluctuated from 0.76 to 0.93; at a genetic correlation level of 0.78. Ninety accessions of rice landraces were divided into five groups based on analysis of genetic relationships. The results have indicated that 11 markers included: M250, RM302, RM10926, RM208, RM227, RM17231, RM23251, RM5647, RM1376, RM339 and RM228 which gave the unique allele. These markers can be used effectively for genetic diversity of colored rice and provided a specific database and useful materials for landraces identification, local germplasm conservation for further colored rice improvement on rice quality via rice breeding programs in Vietnam.