Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi kasus SARI yang disebabkan oleh virus infl uenza. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan virus infl uenza adalah metode Reverse Transkriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Metode: Usap tenggorok yang diambil dari pasien yang memiliki simptom mengarah ke SARI di ekstrak untuk memperoleh RNA, kemudian diamplifi kasi menggunakan 5 pasang primer dan probe (infl uenza A, Infl uenza B, A/H1N1, A/H3N2 dan A/H5N1) dengan metode real-time RT-PCR. Hasil: Dari 549 sampel diketahui bahwa 6% pasien SARI disebabkan oleh virus Infl uenza, dan 4% disebabkan oleh virus Infl uenza A, 2% disebabkan oleh virus Infl uenza B. Virus infl uenza A yang paling banyak menyebabkan SARI adalah virus A/H3N2. Sedangkan 94% dari keseluruhan sampel SARI yang diterima menunjukan hasil negatif terhadap Infl uenza. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar kasus SARI tidak disebabkan oleh virus infl uenza. Virus infl uenza A yang paling sering menyebabkan SARI adalah A/H3N2. Kondisi bahwa Kasus fl u burung A/H5N1 sudah pernah diidentifi kasi di Indonesia serta penyebaran virus baru infl uenza A/H1N1 pada tahun 2009 meningkatkan kembali pentingnya survelians SARI.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. The major cause of cervical cancer is the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) [1,2]. Several studies showed that the prevalence of HPV infection varies considerably in some countries. However, globally the prevalence of HPV infection was estimated at 11.7% in 2010 [3]. In Indonesia, data of cervical cancer and the prevalence of HPV infection is very limited. Estimated 95.9 million for women aged ⩾ 15 years old have cervical cancer risk with an incident 17 per 100.000 inhabitants per year [4]. Study in the hospital showed that among 10 cervical cancer patients with IIB-IIIB stadium nearly 91.7% were HPV positive [5], while in the community of women aged 15-70 years old in three cities of Jakarta, Tasikmalaya, dan Bali, the HPV prevalence exposed much lower of 11.4% [6]. Indonesia has a considerable population and nearly a half of the population are women [7], who have a risk of being infected HPV. The aim of the study was to provide the national data of HPV infection among Indonesian urban women. 2. METHOD The design of the study was a laboratory-based crosssectional, subsample of non-communicable disease research of breast tumors and pre-cervical cancer lesion was conducted in 2016. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethic committee of National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), no LB 02.01/5.2/KE/154/2016. A purposive sampling method was designed by Center Bureau of Statistic (BPS) from 34 provinces and 76 districts in Indonesia, which represented the national data. All respondents were selected based on inclusive criteria: women aged 25-64 years old, had marital or sexual intercourse history, living in urban area and willing to give informed consent. Those with serious illness, trouble in communicating, and pregnancy were excluded from this study. The selection of urban areas was regarding the feasibility of specimen collection and also transportation. Cervical swab specimens from those respondents were gathered at selected primary health centers, then transferred in special media to the NIHRD laboratory, Jakarta. Cervical swab specimen was taken by trained doctors or midwives and was done in a local community health center

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